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  1. COVID-19 pandemic has impacted the Italian National Health Care system at many different levels, causing a complete reorganization of surgical wards. In this context, our study retrospectively analysed the man...

    Authors: Matteo Barabino, Gaetano Piccolo, Arianna Trizzino, Veronica Fedele, Carlo Ferrari, Vincenzo Nicastro, Andrea Pisani Ceretti, Enrico De Nicola, Nicolò Maria Mariani, Marco Giovenzana, Giovanna Scifo, Massimiliano Mazza, Ruggero Vercelli, Roberto Santambrogio, Carmelo Luigiano and Enrico Opocher
    Citation: BMC Surgery 2021 21:180
  2. Postoperative rectourethral fistula (RUF) in patients with congenital anorectal malformation (ARM) remains a challenge for paediatric surgeons, among them persistent fistula is the most common. Various techniq...

    Authors: Xinjie Huang, Yajun Chen, Wenbo Pang, Chunhui Peng and Dongyang Wu
    Citation: BMC Surgery 2021 21:179
  3. The inflammation indexes in blood routine play an essential role in evaluating the prognosis of patients with hepatocellular carcinoma, but the effect on early recurrence has not been clarified. The study aime...

    Authors: YiFeng Wu, ChaoYong Tu and ChuXiao Shao
    Citation: BMC Surgery 2021 21:178
  4. Postoperative nausea and vomiting (PONV) and postoperative pain (POP) are most commonly experienced in the early hours after surgery. Many studies have reported high rates of PONV and POP, and have identified ...

    Authors: Reem M. Elsaid, Ashraqat S. Namrouti, Ahmad M. Samara, Wael Sadaqa and Sa’ed H. Zyoud
    Citation: BMC Surgery 2021 21:177
  5. The prognostic values of inflammation-based markers in well-differentiated pancreatic neuroendocrine neoplasms, diagnosed according to the new 2017 World Health Organization classification, have remained uncle...

    Authors: Takayuki Miura, Hideo Ohtsuka, Takeshi Aoki, Shuichi Aoki, Tatsuo Hata, Tatsuyuki Takadate, Shimpei Maeda, Kyohei Ariake, Kei Kawaguchi, Kunihiro Masuda, Masaharu Ishida, Masamichi Mizuma, Kei Nakagawa, Takanori Morikawa, Fumiyoshi Fujishima, Takashi Kamei…
    Citation: BMC Surgery 2021 21:176
  6. Lymph node metastasis (LNM) plays a vital role in the determination of clinical outcomes in patients with gastric neuroendocrine tumor (G-NET). Preoperative identification of LNM is helpful for intraoperative ...

    Authors: Xianghui Li, Lihua Shao, Xiaofeng Lu, Zhengyang Yang, Shichao Ai, Feng Sun, Meng Wang, Wenxian Guan and Song Liu
    Citation: BMC Surgery 2021 21:174
  7. Gastrointestinal surgery in elderly individuals presents unexpected postoperative complications. However, predicting postoperative complications in elderly patients undergoing gastrointestinal surgeries is cha...

    Authors: Kei Yokozuka, Koichi Tomita, Masashi Nakagawa, Itsuki Koganezawa, Shigeto Ochiai, Takahiro Gunji, Yosuke Ozawa, Kosuke Hikita, Toshimichi Kobayashi, Toru Sano, Satoshi Tabuchi, Naokazu Chiba, Eiji Hidaka and Shigeyuki Kawachi
    Citation: BMC Surgery 2021 21:173
  8. Systematic nodal dissection plays a crucial role in improving survival and staging in resectable non-small cell lung cancer (NSCLC) patients but at the cost of increasing the occurrence of recurrent laryngeal ...

    Authors: Minhao Yu and Mingjian Ge
    Citation: BMC Surgery 2021 21:172
  9. Clinically relevant pancreatic fistula (CRPF) is a serious complication following laparoscopic pancreaticoduodenectomy (LPD). This study aimed to determine if C-reactive protein (CRP) and procalcitonin (PCT) s...

    Authors: Jie Ma, Peiqiang Jiang, Bai Ji, Yanqing Song and Yahui Liu
    Citation: BMC Surgery 2021 21:171
  10. For a long time, surgical difficulty is mainly evaluated based on subjective perception rather than objective indexes. Moreover, the lack of systematic research regarding the evaluation of surgical difficulty ...

    Authors: Chengyue Ji, Yuluo Rong, Jiaxing Wang, Guoyong Yin, Jin Fan, Pengyu Tang, Dongdong Jiang, Wei Liu, Xuhui Ge, Shunzhi Yu and Weihua Cai
    Citation: BMC Surgery 2021 21:170
  11. This study aimed to assess a multidisciplinary team (MDT) meeting approach for the management of patients with complex extremity defects, analyze treatment recommendations, and evaluate factors influencing non...

    Authors: Dimitra Kotsougiani-Fischer, Sebastian Fischer, Jan Warszawski, Paul A. Gruetzner, Gregor Reiter, Christoph Hirche and Ulrich Kneser
    Citation: BMC Surgery 2021 21:168
  12. Reconstructions the soft-tissue defects of the distal lower extremities in the elderly patients (≥ 60 years old) are full of challenges because of many comorbidities. The purpose of this study was to report th...

    Authors: Ping Peng, Zhonggen Dong, Jianwei Wei, Lihong Liu, Zhaobiao Luo and Shu Cao
    Citation: BMC Surgery 2021 21:167
  13. Risks for living-liver donors are lower in case of a left liver donation, however, due to lower graft volume, the risk for small-for-size situations in the recipients increases. This study aims to prevent smal...

    Authors: Stefan M. Brunner, Frank W. Brennfleck, Henrik Junger, Jirka Grosse, Birgit Knoppke, Edward K. Geissler, Michael Melter and Hans J. Schlitt
    Citation: BMC Surgery 2021 21:166

    The Correspondence to this article has been published in BMC Surgery 2021 21:268

  14. Treatment of congenital hemivertebra is challenging and data on long-term follow-up (≥ 5 years) are lacking. This study evaluated the surgical outcomes of posterior thoracolumbar hemivertebra resection and sho...

    Authors: Beixi Bao, Qingjun Su, Yong Hai, Peng Yin, Yaoshen Zhang, Shiqi Zhu and Zhencheng Sun
    Citation: BMC Surgery 2021 21:165
  15. This study aimed to identify socioeconomic predictors of permanent stoma in rectal cancer treatment and examine its association with length of stay at the treatment facility.

    Authors: Riccardo Lemini, Iktej S. Jabbal, Krystof Stanek, Shalmali R. Borkar, Aaron C. Spaulding, Scott R. Kelley and Dorin T. Colibaseanu
    Citation: BMC Surgery 2021 21:163
  16. Pre-existing degeneration of adjacent segment is an important risk factor for adjacent-segment degeneration (ASD), but only limited and controversial studies have addressed its management.

    Authors: Xinliang Zhang, Jinwen Zhu, Yibing Li, Dingjun Hao and Wenjie Gao
    Citation: BMC Surgery 2021 21:161
  17. Neoadjuvant chemotherapy (NAC) has been the standard treatment for locally advanced breast cancer for the purpose of downstaging or for conversion from mastectomy to breast conservation surgery (BCS). Locoregi...

    Authors: Hsu-Huan Chou, Wei-Shan Chung, Rong-Yao Ding, Wen-Ling Kuo, Chi-Chang Yu, Hsiu-Pei Tsai, Shih-Che Shen, Chia-Hui Chu, Yung-Feng Lo and Shin-Cheh Chen
    Citation: BMC Surgery 2021 21:160
  18. Laparoscopic paraesophageal hernia repair is associated with higher recurrence rate. Mesh is used to reduce the recurrence rate. This retrospective study is to review our experience of biological mesh fixed wi...

    Authors: Yusheng Nie, Yao Xiong, Lei Guan, Xin Yuan, Fuqiang Chen, Jie Chen and Huiqi Yang
    Citation: BMC Surgery 2021 21:158
  19. Temporary stomas have been widely used to avoid the risk of complications such as anastomotic leakage after colorectal resection. Stoma closure is relatively easy; however, postoperative surgical site infectio...

    Authors: Yoshinori Yane, Jin-ichi Hida, Yusuke Makutani, Hokuto Ushijima, Yasumasa Yoshioka, Masayoshi Iwamoto, Toshiaki Wada, Koji Daito, Tadao Tokoro, Kazuki Ueda and Junichiro Kawamura
    Citation: BMC Surgery 2021 21:157
  20. Patients with insulin-dependent diabetes mellitus type 1 (IDDM1) and end-stage kidney disease (ESKD) undergoing simultaneous pancreas kidney transplantation (SPKT) are a population with diffuse atherosclerosis...

    Authors: Hans-Michael Hau, Nora Jahn, Max Brunotte, Tristan Wagner, Sebastian Rademacher, Daniela Branzan, Elisabeth Sucher, Daniel Seehofer and Robert Sucher
    Citation: BMC Surgery 2021 21:156
  21. Disturbance in the lymphatic drainage during D2 dissection is associated with significant morbidity. We aimed to assess the effect of fibrin glue on the reduction of postoperative lymphatic leakage.

    Authors: Habibollah Mahmoodzadeh, Ehsanollah Rahimi-Movaghar, Ramesh Omranipour, Mohammad Shirkhoda, Amirmohsen Jalaeefar, Seyed Rouhollah Miri and Amirsina Sharifi
    Citation: BMC Surgery 2021 21:155
  22. Abdominal cerebrospinal fluid (CSF) pseudocyst is an uncommon but important complication of ventriculoperitoneal (VP) shunts. While individual articles have reported many cases of abdominal CSF pseudocyst foll...

    Authors: Hong-Cai Wang, Yi-Lei Tong, Shi-Wei Li, Mao-Song Chen, Bo-Ding Wang and Hai Chen
    Citation: BMC Surgery 2021 21:154
  23. Situs inversus totalis is a rare anatomical variation of both the thoracic and the abdominal organs. Common bile duct strictures can be caused by malignant and benign diseases as well. 7–18% of the latter ones...

    Authors: K. Eitler, Z. Mathe, V. Papp, A. Zalatnai, A. Bibok, P. A. Deak, L. Kobori and G. Telkes
    Citation: BMC Surgery 2021 21:153
  24. Inguinal hernia surgery is a frequent procedure among general surgeons in Costa Rica, but the management and technique are not uniform. The International Guideline for Groin Hernia management was published in ...

    Authors: Jesús Martínez-Hoed, Katherine Cordero-Bermúdez, Providencia García-Pastor, Salvador Pous-Serrano and José A. Ortiz-Cubero
    Citation: BMC Surgery 2021 21:152
  25. Our aim is to determine the relationships among patient demographics, patient history, surgical experience, and conversion rate (CR) during elective laparoscopic cholecystectomies (LCs).

    Authors: Szabolcs Ábrahám, Tibor Németh, Ria Benkő, Mária Matuz, Dániel Váczi, Illés Tóth, Aurél Ottlakán, László Andrási, János Tajti., Viktor Kovács, József Pieler, László Libor, Attila Paszt, Zsolt Simonka and György Lázár
    Citation: BMC Surgery 2021 21:151
  26. Echinococcus is a worldwide zoonosis, primarily causing liver lesions. Accidentally detected, these lesions enter the differential diagnosis of a tumor, including metastasis. This situation is especially chall...

    Authors: Marionna Cathomas, Paolo Abitabile, Rok Dolanc, Christine Glaser and Gieri Cathomas
    Citation: BMC Surgery 2021 21:150
  27. Uniportal full endoscopic posterolateral transforaminal lumbar interbody fusion (Endo-TLIF) with percutaneous pedicle screw fixation is a promising, minimally invasive method for the treatment of lumbar spondy...

    Authors: Derong Xu, Shuo Han, Chao Wang, Kai Zhu, Chuanli Zhou and Xuexiao Ma
    Citation: BMC Surgery 2021 21:149
  28. Bridge to elective surgery (BTS) using self-expanding metal stents (SEMSs) is a common alternative to emergency surgery (ES) for acute malignant left-sided colonic obstruction (AMLCO). However, studies regardi...

    Authors: Yuepeng Cao, Qing Chen, Zhizhan Ni, Feng Wu, Chenshen Huang, Jinzhe Zhou, Songze Zhang, Bujun Ge and Qi Huang
    Citation: BMC Surgery 2021 21:148
  29. Hepatobiliary mucinous cystic neoplasms (H-MCNs) are relatively rare cystic neoplasms in the liver. The differential diagnosis of H-MCNs remains big challenging, and the management and prognosis between the he...

    Authors: Jiaqi Gao, Junhao Zheng, Jingwei Cai, Mubarak Ali Kirih, Junjie Xu, Liye Tao, Yuelong Liang, Xu Feng, Jing Fang and Xiao Liang
    Citation: BMC Surgery 2021 21:146
  30. Crohn’s disease (CD) recurrence can occur not only at the site of anastomosis but also elsewhere in the bowel following an ileocolic resection (ICR) procedure. The aims of the present study were to assess long...

    Authors: Hiroki Ikeuchi, Motoi Uchino, Toshihiro Bando, Yuki Horio, Ryuichi Kuwahara, Tomohiro Minagawa, Yoshiko Goto, Kurando Kusunoki, Masataka Ikeda, Naohito Beppu and Yoshio Takesue
    Citation: BMC Surgery 2021 21:145
  31. Anterior decompression with fusion (ADF) has often been performed for degenerative cervical myelopathy (DCM) in patients with poor cervical spine alignment and/or anterior cord compression. We aimed to identif...

    Authors: Hiroyuki Inose, Takashi Hirai, Toshitaka Yoshii, Atsushi Kimura, Katsushi Takeshita, Hirokazu Inoue, Asato Maekawa, Kenji Endo, Takeo Furuya, Akira Nakamura, Kanji Mori, Shunsuke Kanbara, Shiro Imagama, Shoji Seki, Shunji Matsunaga, Kunihiko Takahashi…
    Citation: BMC Surgery 2021 21:144
  32. Ganglioneuroma (GN) is ranked by the International Neuroblastoma Pathology Classification as a benign tumor. It can occur anywhere along the sympathetic nerve chain and surgical excision is the treatment of ch...

    Authors: Wagner M. Tavares, Sabrina Araujo de Franca, Amsterdam S. Vasconcelos, David S. L. Parra, Sergio R. R. Araújo and Manoel J. Teixeira
    Citation: BMC Surgery 2021 21:143
  33. The open-door laminoplasty is an effective procedure for the treatment of cervical spondylotic myelopathy. However, little information is available about the surgical results of open-door laminoplasty in the t...

    Authors: Zhi-Chao Wang, Shu-Zhong Li, Xin-Fei Qu, Chu-Qiang Yin, Yuan-Liang Sun, Yue-Lei Wang, Jie Wang, Chen-Jing Liu, Zhen-Lu Cao and Ting Wang
    Citation: BMC Surgery 2021 21:141
  34. Proximal gastrectomy with double-tract reconstruction (DTR) has been used for upper third gastric cancer as a function-preserving procedure. However, the safety and feasibility of laparoscopic proximal gastrec...

    Authors: Shuo-meng Xiao, Ping Zhao, Zhi Ding, Rui Xu, Chao Yang and Xiao-ting Wu
    Citation: BMC Surgery 2021 21:140
  35. There is a general agreement upon the importance of acquiring laparoscopic skills outside the operation room through simulation-based training. However, high-fidelity simulators are cost-prohibitive and elicit...

    Authors: Benjamin De Witte, Charles Barnouin, Richard Moreau, Arnaud Lelevé, Xavier Martin, Christian Collet and Nady Hoyek
    Citation: BMC Surgery 2021 21:139
  36. So called “mycotic” aortic aneurysms account for only 0.7 to 1.3% of all aortic aneurysms and are commonly caused by Staphylococcus aureus and Salmonella species. Bacillus Calmette-Guérin (BCG), a live attenua...

    Authors: M. Buerger, S. Kapahnke, S. Omran, M. Schomaker, M. Rief, A. Greiner and J. P. Frese
    Citation: BMC Surgery 2021 21:138
  37. To analyze whether neoadjuvant chemoradiotherapy (nCRT) could improve the survival for patients with adenocarcinoma of the esophagogastric junction compared with neoadjuvant chemotherapy (nCT). Both neoadjuvan...

    Authors: Jing Li, Qun Zhao, Xueke Ge, Yuzhi Song, Yuan Tian, Shuoshuo Wang, Ming Liu and Xueying Qiao
    Citation: BMC Surgery 2021 21:137
  38. The best treatment for perforated colonic diverticulitis with generalized peritonitis is still under debate. Concurrent strategies are resection with primary anastomosis (PRA) with or without diverting ileosto...

    Authors: Maximilian Sohn, Ayman Agha, Igors Iesalnieks, Felix Gundling, Jaroslav Presl, Alfred Hochrein, Dario Tartaglia, Antonio Brillantino, Alexander Perathoner, Johann Pratschke, Felix Aigner and Paul Ritschl
    Citation: BMC Surgery 2021 21:135
  39. Increasing rates of breast cancer screening have been associated with an increasing frequency of non-palpable breast lesions detection. Preoperative breast lesion localization is essential for optimizing excis...

    Authors: Isaac Kim, Hee Jun Choi, Jai Min Ryu, Se Kyung Lee, Jong Han Yu, Jeong Eon Lee, Seok Jin Nam, Hyuk Jai Shin and Seok Won Kim
    Citation: BMC Surgery 2021 21:134
  40. Gall bladder cancer (GBC) is the fifth most common malignancy in the gastrointestinal system and the most common malignancy of the biliary system. GBC is a very aggressive malignancy having a 5 year survival r...

    Authors: Lovenish Bains, Haraesh Maranna, Pawan Lal, Ronal Kori, Daljit Kaur, Varuna Mallya and Veerpal Singh
    Citation: BMC Surgery 2021 21:133
  41. To identify whether compliance with Enhanced Recovery After Surgery (ERAS) Society recommendations is associated with length of stay (LOS) in a New Zealand hospital for patients undergoing segmental colectomy ...

    Authors: Simonette R. Mallard, Kari A. Clifford, R. Park, Kim Cousins, Ann Patton, John C. Woodfield and Mark Thompson-Fawcett
    Citation: BMC Surgery 2021 21:132
  42. Coronavirus Disease 2019 is affecting most countries around the world, including Poland. In response, all elective surgeries have been postponed. We asked patients and surgeons when they want bariatric surgery...

    Authors: Alicja Dudek, Michał Wysocki, Maciej Walędziak, Jacek Szeliga, Monika Proczko-Stepaniak, Michał Pędziwiatr and Piotr Major
    Citation: BMC Surgery 2021 21:131

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