Skip to main content
Download PDF

Primary endodermal hemangiopericytoma/solitary fibrous tumor of the cervical spine: a case report and literature review

BMC Surgery volume 21, Article number: 405 (2021) Cite this article

Abstract

Background

Hemangiopericytoma (HPC), also known as solitary fibrous tumor (SFT), is a type of soft tissue sarcoma with a special aggressive behavior. The HPC/SFT is locally aggressive with possibility of late recurrence locally or distant extraneural metastasis. The most common location of this HPC/SFT is the lower extremities. The HPC/SFT in the central nervous system (CNS) is very rare, and compared with the brain, it is rarer in the spinal region. However, clinicians also lack an overall understanding of the diagnosis of HPC/SFT in the spinal cord.

Case presentation

In this study, we report a rare case of primary cervical spine HPC/SFT in a 53-year-old woman. Two to three weeks before admission, she experienced pain and numbness in her left upper extremity. After computerized tomography (CT) and magnetic resonance imaging (MRI), a gross total resection was performed. Obvious neurological improvement was observed postoperatively. The pain and numbness in the patient's left upper limb were relieved subsequently. We then reviewed the literature on HPC/SFT, such as its clinical presentation, imaging characteristics, treatment, and follow-up.

Conclusions

Diagnosis of HPC/SFT relies on magnetic resonance spectroscopy, enhanced CT, and MRI. Postoperative radiotherapy is strongly recommended to reduce the HPC/SFT recurrence. Immunohistochemical analysis can also help in the differential diagnosis. However; early and long-term follow-up is necessary for patients.

Peer Review reports

Background

Hemangiopericytoma (HPC), also known as solitary fibrous tumor (SFT), is a type of soft tissue sarcoma with a special aggressive behavior that was first described by Klemperer and Rabin in 1931 [1]. The HPC/SFT can occur anywhere within existing capillaries. The most common location of HPC is the lower extremities, followed by the retroperitoneum and the head and neck regions [2]. Hemangiopericytoma in the central nervous system (CNS) is very rare, accounting for only 1–2% of all CNS tumors [3,4,5,6,7]. Compared with the brain, HPC/SFT occurs rarely in the spinal region [3]. Hemangiopericytoma/solitary fibrous tumor can be divided into WHO grades I to III pathologically, and the anaplastic HPC/SFT, which is WHO grade III [8]. The condition is locally aggressive with the possibility of late recurrence locally or distant extraneural metastasis [9]. The first case of spinal HPC/SFT was reported in 1958 [10]. To date, only approximately 100 cases of primary spinal HPC/SFT have been reported. In this study, we report a case of primary cervical spine HPC/SFT in a 53-year-old woman who presented with left upper limb pain and numbness. Magnetic resonance imaging (MRI) showed C6-7 levels of intradural extramedullary lesions, with a slightly hyperintense T2 weighted imaging (T2WI) signal like T1 weighted imaging (T1WI) in the surrounding small portion, low T1WI, and low T2WI signals without enhancement at the center. The spinal cord was compressed and pushed to the right. A three-dimensional reconstruction computerized tomography (CT) of the cervical spine revealed no obvious bone destruction. Herein, we report this case and reviewed the literature on the demographics, clinical presentation, imaging data, treatment, prognosis, and follow-up of HPC/SFT.

Case presentation

A 53-year-old woman who was admitted with pain in the left upper extremity, which started two to three weeks before admission. The pain was paroxysmal and dull. The numerical rating scale (NRS) scores for pain ranged from 4 to 5. She underwent acupuncture and non-steroidal anti-inflammatory treatment, but her symptoms did not improve. Neurological examination revealed intact motor and sensory examinations throughout the upper and lower extremities, but revealed hyporeflexia on the left side of the body, which was pathologically positive. Cerebellar, Romberg, and gait examinations were normal. Disorders in the bowel and bladder were not observed.

The MRI after admission showed a spindle-shaped extradural lesion in the left intervertebral foramen of C6-7 with an ill-defined margin that is 2.8 × 1.5 × 1.4 cm in size, a slightly hyperintense T2WI signal like T1WI in the surrounding small portion, low T1WI, and low T2WI signals without enhancement at the center. The spinal cord was compressed and pushed to the right. A three-dimensional reconstruction CT of the cervical spine revealed no obvious bone destruction. (Fig. 1).

Fig. 1
figure 1

Magnetic resonance imaging of the patient. The left intervertebral foramen of C6-7, with an ill-defined margin that is 2.8 × 1.5 × 1.4 cm in size, and a slightly hyperintense T2WI signal like T1WI in the surrounding small portion, low T1WI and low T2WI signal without enhancement in the center. The spinal cord is compressed and pushed to the right. T1 weighted imaging, T1WI; T2 weighted imaging

Full size image

According to the clinical and radiological examination results, it is preliminarily considered a neoplastic lesion with a high possibility of malignant behavior. Embolization was performed to reduce the intraoperative blood loss before surgery. Subsequently, spinal decompression was performed. When the dura mater was cut intraoperatively, a subdural tumor was observed on the left side of the cervical spinal cord, with a dark brown color and ill-defined boundary. The tumor in the spinal canal was completely resected in a piecemeal manner. A gross total resection was performed with no evidence of tumor in the tumor bed, suggesting the total tumor resection. Obvious neurological improvement was observed postoperatively. The pain and numbness in the patient's left upper limb were relieved. Pathological examination of the tumor tissue showed that the tumor cells had a spindle shape, mild cell morphology, rare nuclear division, diffuse hemangiopericymatoid distribution, and rich blood vessel supply (Fig. 2). Immunohistochemical analysis showed Ki-67 (about 15%), CD117 (−), S-100 (−), Desmin (−), CD34 ( +), SMA ( +), DOG-1(−), TTF-1 (−), EMA(-), PR(−), F8-R-Ag ( +), HMB45 (−), MelanA (−), TFE3 (−), CD31 ( +), HHV8 (−), Inhibina (−), β-Catenin ( +), GFAP (−), and CD68 ( +). Based on the above results, a diagnosis of HPC/SFT was made (Fig. 2).

Fig. 2
figure 2

HE staining and IHC staining of tumor tissue. A Tumor cells were arranged in sheets and rich in blood vessels as shown in HE staining image. B–F Immunohistochemical study showing CD34 positive diffusely, β-catenin and CD31 vessels positive, SMA positive, Ki-67 15% positive. HE Hematoxylin and eosin, IHC immunohistochemical

Full size image

Postoperative recovery was uneventful and without complications. The pain and numbness of the patient's left upper limb were relieved (NRS scores of 2–3). Her upper and lower limb motor function was not affected, and on the eight day after the surgery, the patient recovered and was able to ambulate with a neck collar. Due to the patient's subjective refusal of adjuvant radiotherapy and financial reasons, radiotherapy could not be administered after the surgery. The patient was advised to visit the hospital for a review in six months. However, because of COVID-19 and the patient's subjective reasons, she did not visit our hospital for the review. However, we followed up the patient by telephone severally, and the patient felt no significant discomfort or neurological symptoms related to HPC recurrence. Because the time was still short and the patient refused to receive an adjuvant radiotherapy, we will continue to follow her up on whether recurrence and neurological symptoms will occur subsequently.

Discussion and conclusions

Most CNS HPC/SFTs occur in the cranial cavity. Spinal HPC/SFT is a rare and highly vascular mesenchymal neoplasm [1]. The HPC/SFT is characterized by aggressive and widespread migration [3]. In the past, because of the lack of typical clinical features and imaging manifestations, diagnosis and treatment have been a great challenge for clinicians. Herein, we report an uncommon case of primary cervical intradural extramedullary HPC/SFT and summarize our comprehensive literature review regarding this disease (Table 1).

Table 1 Summary of reported cases of primary spinal HPC
Full size table

To the best of our knowledge, there have been 133 cases of primary spinal HPC/SFT reported up to the year 2020. These cases indicate that primary spinal HPC/SFT can occur at any age. The mean age of onset was 40.9 years old for males and 35.0 years old for females. There was no significant difference in morbidity between men and women (male/female ratio = 1.11:1). The incidence ratio of HPC/SFT in Asians and Occident is 1.32:1, suggesting that Asians are more susceptible. Furthermore, according to statistical data from our literature review, the thoracic spinal cord was the most common site of spinal lesions (38.3%), followed by the cervical and lumbar spinal cord (34.6 and 24.8%, respectively), and the lesions were rarely found in the sacral spinal cord (1.5%) (Fig. 3) [9, 15, 23].

Fig. 3
figure 3

Summary of primary endodermal hemangiopericytoma/solitary fibrous tumor in the spinal cord

Full size image

The clinical symptoms of primary spinal HPC/SFT are nonspecific. They include pain, hypoesthesia, paraplegia, urinary dysfunction, extremity numbness and weakness, or a combination of the above, depending on the size and location of the tumor [9, 13, 16,17,18,19,20,21,22].

Diagnosis is usually difficult before surgery because HPC/SFT is a rare disease with nonspecific clinical features. The differential diagnoses included meningioma, malignant schwannoma, neuroblastoma, neurofibroma, metastases, solitary plasmacytoma, leukemia, sarcoidosis, lymphoma, and tuberculosis infection [16, 23,24,25,26]. The medical imaging of HPC/SFT has its characteristics, but has not been summarized in previous articles. In this study, we provide a summary. Enhanced CT and MRI are valuable imaging techniques for the diagnosis of HPC/SFT. The characteristic imaging features include a well-defined, oval, irregular or dumbbell-shaped solitary spinal mass, internal signal voids, marked and heterogeneous enhancement, with or without bone destruction on the CT and/or MRI [7, 9, 12, 18, 19, 27,28,29,30,31,32,33]. Besides, when the CT value of the tumor is greater than 161hu, suggesting a high vascular tumor, the diagnosis of HPC/SFT or angiomatous meningioma needs to be highly suspected [34]. Furthermore, magnetic resonance spectroscopy (MRS) can be used to distinguish HPC/SFT from meningiomas. Compared with meningiomas, HPC/SFT has a higher relative ratio of Myo, GLC, and GSH to Glu, while the relative ratios of CR, Gln, Ala, Gly, and Chocc to Glu in HPC/SFT are lower [35].

The five-year survival rate and local tumor control rate of HPC/SFT were 76%. Even after surgery and adjuvant radiotherapy, 29% of the tumors recurred [9, 17, 18, 33, 36]. There are three factors that can affect prognosis: total tumor resection, postoperative radiotherapy, and low tumor grade [29, 36,37,38,39,40]. To the extent possible, total resection is the preferred treatment for HPC/SFT. This seems to be a consensus. However, because HPC/SFT has marked vascularity, massive intraoperative bleeding is often an important factor affecting total tumor resection. Preoperative endovascular embolization of tumors has been proven to be effective in controlling intraoperative bleeding and may facilitate surgical resection of the lesions [10, 11, 23, 28, 40,41,42,43,44,45,46,47]. However, for patients at high risk for injury to the nerve root or dura mater, or those with type IB and III tumors [9, 11], it is usually difficult to perform total tumor resection without significant impact on the limb function or nerve injury. Therefore, total resection should not be overemphasized [9, 48,49,50]. Postoperative radiotherapy is necessary to prevent recurrence [4, 16, 18, 36, 40, 50,51,52,53,54,55]. The recurrence rates were 25.5% and 44.4% in patients with and without radiotherapy, respectively. Postoperative radiotherapy significantly reduced the recurrence rate (P < 0.05) (Table 2). The HPC/SFT is often aggressive, with a high recurrence rate and distant metastasis [18, 26, 41, 46]. Therefore, even if the primary lesion is well controlled, regular follow-up is necessary [9, 13, 18, 23, 48, 53].

Table 2 Summary of reported radiotherapy and non-radiotherapy of primary spinal HPC
Full size table

We reviewed 47 cases of HPC/SFT immunohistochemical analyses. To the best of our knowledge, this is the largest sample to date. We found that these lesions were typically positive for vimentin (n = 31/39, 79.5%), SAT6 (n = 23/26, 61.5%), CD34 (n = 35/47, 74.5%), Bcl-2 (n = 23/30, 76.7%), and CD99 (n = 17/19, 89.5%), and were negative for S100 (n = 5/27, 18.5%) and EMA(n = 0/27)[9,10,11,12,13,14,15]. This helps to distinguish between nerve sheath tumors and meningiomas [12, 55]. The Ki-67 index ranged from 1 to 80%. It was significantly higher in the WHO grade III group (13.1%) than in the WHO grade II group (7.0%) and group I (8.2%) (P < 0.05) (Table 3). We summarized that the clinical symptoms of HPC/SFT are atypical. The HPC/SFT imaging has certain characteristics in the MRS, enhanced CT, and MRI. Total resection is the best option, but preoperative embolization is necessary to reduce intraoperative bleeding when HPC/SFT is highly suspected.

Table 3 Summary of reported cases of Immunohistochemistry results of primary spinal HPC
Full size table

Hemangiopericytoma, also known as solitary fibrous tumor, is a rare vascular-rich tumor with aggressive behavior and high recurrence. Because this was a very rare condition, it did not attract enough attention, and the preoperative preparation and evaluation were inadequate, which affected the total resection of the tumor. High vascularity of the tumor is associated with an increased risk of intraoperative bleeding, leading to significant morbidity and mortality. Therefore, we report a rare case of primary cervical HPC/SFT with a statistical analysis based on a review of the literature, emphasizing the importance of a correct diagnosis. Although the clinical symptoms are atypical, HPC/SFT imaging has certain characteristics on MRS, enhanced CT, and MRI. Summation would help in the diagnosis of HPC/SFT. To date, total resection is the best option, but preoperative embolization is necessary to reduce intraoperative bleeding when HPC/SFT is highly suspected. However, postoperative radiotherapy is strongly recommended to reduce HPC/SFT recurrence. Immunohistochemical analysis can also help in the differential diagnosis. Early and long-term follow-ups are also necessary.

Availability of data and materials

All relevant data are provided in the manuscript.

Abbreviations

HPC:

Hemangiopericytoma

SFT:

Solitary fibrous tumor

CNS:

Central nervous system

CT:

Computerized tomography

MRI:

Magnetic resonance imaging

MRS:

Magnetic resonance spectroscopy

T1WI:

T1 weighted imaging

T2WI:

T2 weighted imaging

References

  1. Klemperer P, Coleman BR. Primary neoplasms of the pleura. A report of five cases. Am J Ind Med. 1992;22:1–31.

    Article  PubMed  CAS  Google Scholar 

  2. Espat NJ, Lewis JJ, Leung D, Woodruff JM, Antonescu CR, Shia J, Brennan MF. Conventional hemangiopericytoma: modern analysis of outcome. Cancer. 2002;95:1746–51.

    Article  PubMed  Google Scholar 

  3. Aaronson DM, Martinez Del Campo E, Boerger TF, Conway B, Cornell S, Tate M, Mueller WM, Chang EF, Krucoff MO. Understanding variable motor responses to direct electrical stimulation of the human motor cortex during brain surgery. Front Surg. 2021;8:730367.

    Article  PubMed  PubMed Central  Google Scholar 

  4. Kruse F Jr. Hemangiopericytoma of the meniges (angioblastic meningioma of Cushing and Eisenhardt). Clinico-pathologic aspects and follow-up studies in 8 cases. Neurology. 1961;11:771–7.

    Article  PubMed  Google Scholar 

  5. Jääskeläinen J, Servo A, Haltia M, Wahlström T, Valtonen S. Intracranial hemangiopericytoma: radiology, surgery, radiotherapy, and outcome in 21 patients. Surg Neurol. 1985;23:227–36.

    Article  PubMed  Google Scholar 

  6. Kochanek S, Schröder R, Firsching R. Hemangiopericytoma of meninges. I. Histopathological variability and differential diagnosis. Zentralbl Neurochir. 1986;47:183–90.

    PubMed  CAS  Google Scholar 

  7. Ackerman PD, Khaldi A, Shea JF. Intradural hemangiopericytoma of the thoracic spine: a case report. Spine J. 2011;11:e9–14.

    Article  PubMed  Google Scholar 

  8. Louis DN, Ohgaki H, Wiestler OD, Cavenee WK, Burger PC, Jouvet A, Scheithauer BW, Kleihues P. The 2007 WHO classification of tumours of the central nervous system. Acta Neuropathol. 2007;114:97–109.

    Article  PubMed  PubMed Central  Google Scholar 

  9. Liu H-G, Yang A-C, Chen N, Yang J, Qiu X-G, Zhang J-G. Hemangiopericytomas in the spine: clinical features, classification, treatment, and long-term follow-up in 26 patients. Neurosurgery. 2013;72:16–24.

    Article  PubMed  Google Scholar 

  10. Ciappetta P, Celli P, Palma L, Mariottini A. Intraspinal hemangiopericytomas. Report of two cases and review of the literature. Spine. 1985;10:27–31.

    Article  PubMed  CAS  Google Scholar 

  11. Dufour H, Métellus P, Fuentes S, Murracciole X, Régis J, Figarella-Branger D, Grisoli F. Meningeal hemangiopericytoma: a retrospective study of 21 patients with special review of postoperative external radiotherapy. Neurosurgery. 2001;48:756–62.

    PubMed  CAS  Google Scholar 

  12. Pitlyk PJ, Dockery MB, Miller RH. Hemangiopericytoma of the spinal cord: report of three cases. Neurology. 1965;15:649–53.

    Article  PubMed  CAS  Google Scholar 

  13. Zhao Y, Zhao J-Z. Clinical and pathological characteristics of primary intraspinal hemangiopericytoma and choice of treatment. Chin Med J. 2007;120:115–9.

    Article  PubMed  Google Scholar 

  14. Shirzadi A, Drazin D, Gates M, Shirzadi N, Bannykh S, Fan X, Hunt L, Baron EM, King WA, Kim TT, Johnson JP. Surgical management of primary spinal hemangiopericytomas: an institutional case series and review of the literature. Eur Spine J. 2013;22(Suppl 3):S450–9.

    Article  PubMed  Google Scholar 

  15. Jia Q, Zhou Z, Zhang D, Yang J, Liu C, Wang T, Wu Z, Yang C, Wei H, Zhao J, Liu T, Zhou W, Yang X, Xiao J. Surgical management of spinal solitary fibrous tumor/hemangiopericytoma: a case series of 20 patients. Eur Spine J. 2018;27:891–901.

    Article  PubMed  Google Scholar 

  16. Kakimaru H, Matsusaki M, Sanada H, Iwata A, Uchio Y. Dumbbell-type spinal solitary fibrous tumor with paraplegia. Orthopedics. 2009;32:213.

    PubMed  Google Scholar 

  17. Bohinski RJ, Mendel E, Aldape KD, Rhines LD. Intramedullary and extramedullary solitary fibrous tumor of the cervical spine. Case report and review of the literature. J Neurosurg. 2004;100:358–63.

    PubMed  Google Scholar 

  18. Endo K, Komagata M, Ikegami H, Nishiyama M, Tanaka S, Imakiire A, Serizawa H. Dumbbell-type solitary fibrous tumor in the cervical spine. J Orthop Sci. 2003;8:428–31.

    Article  PubMed  Google Scholar 

  19. Mohammadianpanah M, Torabinejad S, Bagheri MH, Omidvari S, Mosalaei A, Ahmadloo N. Primary epidural malignant hemangiopericytoma of thoracic spinal column causing cord compression: case report. Sao Paulo Med J. 2004;122:220–2.

    Article  PubMed  Google Scholar 

  20. Hayashi Y, Uchiyama N, Hayashi Y, Nakada M, Iwato M, Kita D, Higashi R, Hirota Y, Kai Y, Kuratsu J-I, Hamada J-I. A reevaluation of the primary diagnosis of hemangiopericytoma and the clinical importance of differential diagnosis from solitary fibrous tumor of the central nervous system. Clin Neurol Neurosurg. 2009;111:34–8.

    Article  PubMed  Google Scholar 

  21. Rao S, Rajkumar A, Kuruvilla S. Angiomatous meningioma: a diagnostic dilemma. Indian J Pathol Microbiol. 2008;51:53–5.

    Article  PubMed  Google Scholar 

  22. Lee JK, Kim SH, Joo SP, Kim TS, Jung S, Kim JH, Lee JH. Spinal metastasis from cranial meningeal hemangiopericytomas. Acta Neurochir. 2006;148:787–90.

    Article  PubMed  CAS  Google Scholar 

  23. Yi X, Xiao D, He Y, Yin H, Gong G, Long X, Liao W, Li X, Sun L, Zhang Y, Zhang B. Spinal solitary fibrous tumor/hemangiopericytoma: a clinicopathologic and radiologic analysis of eleven cases. World Neurosurg. 2017;104:318–29.

    Article  PubMed  Google Scholar 

  24. Liu L, Yin B, Geng D-Y, Li Y, Zhang B-Y, Peng W-J. Comparison of ADC values of intracranial hemangiopericytomas and angiomatous and anaplastic meningiomas. J Neuroradiol. 2014;41:188–94.

    Article  PubMed  Google Scholar 

  25. Chou C-W, Hsu SPC, Lin S-C, Chen M-H, Shih Y-H, Lee L-S, Lin C-F. Primary intradural hemangiopericytoma with intramedullary invasion. J Chin Med Assoc. 2009;72:536–41.

    Article  PubMed  Google Scholar 

  26. Betchen S, Schwartz A, Black C, Post K. Intradural hemangiopericytoma of the lumbar spine: case report. Neurosurgery. 2002;50:654–7.

    PubMed  Google Scholar 

  27. Fitzpatrick D, Mahajan J, Lewkowitz M, Black K, Setton A, Woldenberg R. Intradural hemangiopericytoma of the lumbar spine: a rare entity. AJNR Am J Neuroradiol. 2009;30:152–4.

    Article  PubMed  PubMed Central  CAS  Google Scholar 

  28. Kashiwazaki D, Hida K, Yano S, Seki T, Iwasaki Y. Subpial hemangiopericytoma with marked extramedullary growth: case report. Neurosurgery. 2007;61:E1336–7.

    Article  PubMed  Google Scholar 

  29. Chen Q, Chen X-Z, Wang J-M, Li S-W, Jiang T, Dai J-P. Intracranial meningeal hemangiopericytomas in children and adolescents: CT and MR imaging findings. AJNR Am J Neuroradiol. 2012;33:195–9.

    Article  PubMed  PubMed Central  CAS  Google Scholar 

  30. Sibtain NA, Butt S, Connor SEJ. Imaging features of central nervous system haemangiopericytomas. Eur Radiol. 2007;17:1685–93.

    Article  PubMed  CAS  Google Scholar 

  31. Arai N, Mizutani K, Takahashi S, Morimoto Y, Akiyama T, Horiguchi T, Mami H, Yoshida K. Preoperative assessment of pathologic subtypes of meningioma and solitary fibrous tumor/hemangiopericytoma using dynamic computed tomography: a clinical research study. World Neurosurg. 2018;115:e676–80.

    Article  PubMed  Google Scholar 

  32. Righi V, Tugnoli V, Mucci A, Bacci A, Bonora S, Schenetti L. MRS study of meningeal hemangiopericytoma and edema: a comparison with meningothelial meningioma. Oncol Rep. 2012;28:1461–7.

    Article  PubMed  CAS  Google Scholar 

  33. Guthrie BL, Ebersold MJ, Scheithauer BW, Shaw EG. Meningeal hemangiopericytoma: histopathological features, treatment, and long-term follow-up of 44 cases. Neurosurgery. 1989;25:514–22.

    Article  PubMed  CAS  Google Scholar 

  34. Kim JH, Jung H-W, Kim Y-S, Kim CJ, Hwang S-K, Paek SH, Kim DG, Kwun BD. Meningeal hemangiopericytomas: long-term outcome and biological behavior. Surg Neurol. 2003;59:47–53.

    Article  PubMed  Google Scholar 

  35. Soyuer S, Chang EL, Selek U, McCutcheon IE, Maor MH. Intracranial meningeal hemangiopericytoma: the role of radiotherapy: report of 29 cases and review of the literature. Cancer. 2004;100:1491–7.

    Article  PubMed  Google Scholar 

  36. Schiariti M, Goetz P, El-Maghraby H, Tailor J, Kitchen N. Hemangiopericytoma: long-term outcome revisited. Clinical article J Neurosurg. 2011;114:747–55.

    Article  PubMed  Google Scholar 

  37. Combs SE, Thilmann C, Debus J, Schulz-Ertner D. Precision radiotherapy for hemangiopericytomas of the central nervous system. Cancer. 2005;104:2457–65.

    Article  PubMed  Google Scholar 

  38. Brass SD, Guiot M-C, Albrecht S, Glikstein R, Mohr G. Metastatic hemangiopericytoma presenting as an epidural spinal cord lesion. Can J Neurol Sci. 2004;31:550–3.

    Article  PubMed  Google Scholar 

  39. Chang C-C, Chang Y-Y, Lui C-C, Huang C-C, Liu J-S. Meningeal hemangiopericytoma with delayed multiple distant metastases. J Chin Med Assoc. 2004;67:527–32.

    PubMed  Google Scholar 

  40. Cizmeli MO, Ilgit ET, Ulug H, Erdogan A. A giant paraspinal hemangiopericytoma and its preoperative embolization. Neuroradiology. 1992;34:81–3.

    Article  PubMed  CAS  Google Scholar 

  41. Cole CD, Schmidt MH. Hemangiopericytomas of the spine: case report and review of the literature. Rare Tumors. 2009;1:e43.

    Article  PubMed  PubMed Central  Google Scholar 

  42. Muraszko KM, Antunes JL, Hilal SK, Michelsen WJ. Hemangiopericytomas of the spine. Neurosurgery. 1982;10:473–9.

    Article  PubMed  CAS  Google Scholar 

  43. Musacchio M, Mont’Alverne F, Belzile F, Lenz V, Riquelme C, Tournade A. Posterior cervical haemangiopericytoma with intracranial and skull base extension. Diagnostic and therapeutic challenge of a rare hypervascular neoplasm. J Neuroradiol. 2003;30:180–7.

    PubMed  CAS  Google Scholar 

  44. Salvati M, Ciappetta P, Artico M, Raco A, Fortuna A. Intraspinal hemangiopericytoma: case report and review of the literature. Neurosurg Rev. 1991;14:309–13.

    Article  PubMed  CAS  Google Scholar 

  45. Das A, Singh PK, Suri V, Sable MN, Sharma BS. Spinal hemangiopericytoma: an institutional experience and review of literature. Eur Spine J. 2015;24(Suppl 4):S606–13.

    Article  PubMed  Google Scholar 

  46. Li Z, Deng Y, Li Z, Wang T, Gao J, Zhou W, Li Y, Wang Y. Primary epidural hemangiopericytoma of the thoracic spine: case report and literature review. J Clin Neurosci. 2019;60:142–7.

    Article  PubMed  Google Scholar 

  47. Ijiri K, Yuasa S, Yone K, Matsunaga S, Ryoki Y, Taniguchi N, Yonezawa S, Komiya S. Primary epidural hemangiopericytoma in the lumbar spine: a case report. Spine. 2002;27:E189–92.

    Article  PubMed  Google Scholar 

  48. Peng Z, Wang Y, Wang Y, Fan R, Gao K, Zhang H, Jiang W. Comparing the effectiveness of endoscopic surgeries with intensity-modulated radiotherapy for recurrent rT3 and rT4 nasopharyngeal carcinoma: a meta-analysis. Front Oncol. 2021;11:703954.

    Article  PubMed  PubMed Central  Google Scholar 

  49. Uemura S, Kuratsu J, Hamada J, Yoshioka S, Kochi M, Ushio Y, Nakahara T, Kishida K. Effect of radiation therapy against intracranial hemangiopericytoma. Neurol Med Chir. 1992;32:328–32.

    Article  CAS  Google Scholar 

  50. Galanis E, Buckner JC, Scheithauer BW, Kimmel DW, Schomberg PJ, Piepgras DG. Management of recurrent meningeal hemangiopericytoma. Cancer. 1998;82:1915–20.

    Article  PubMed  CAS  Google Scholar 

  51. Kaur J, Pandit S, Sharma MC, Julka PK, Rath GK. Intradural extra medullary hemangiopericytoma of dorsal spine. Childs Nerv Syst. 2015;31:173–5.

    Article  PubMed  Google Scholar 

  52. Ecker RD, Marsh WR, Pollock BE, Kurtkaya-Yapicier O, McClelland R, Scheithauer BW, Buckner JC. Hemangiopericytoma in the central nervous system: treatment, pathological features, and long-term follow up in 38 patients. J Neurosurg. 2003;98:1182–7.

    Article  PubMed  Google Scholar 

  53. Mekni A, Kourda J, Chelly I, Ferchichi L, Bellil K, Hammouda KB, Kchir N, Zitouna M, Khaldi M, Haouet S. Hemangiopericytoma in the central nervous system. A study of eight cases. Neurochirurgie. 2008;54:15–20.

    Article  PubMed  CAS  Google Scholar 

  54. Wu W, Shi J-X, Cheng H-L, Wang H-D, Hang C-H, Shi Q-L, Yin H-X. Hemangiopericytomas in the central nervous system. J Clin Neurosci. 2009;16:519–23.

    Article  PubMed  Google Scholar 

  55. Zhang P, Hu J, Zhou D. Hemangiopericytoma of the cervicothoracic spine: a case report and literature review. Turk Neurosurg. 2014;24:948–53.

    PubMed  Google Scholar 

Download references

Acknowledgements

We would like to thank Zhejiang University for the support of providing the image and data.

Funding

This Research was funded by the Natural Science Foundation of Zhejiang Province (GF22H168636), The science and technology innovation Program of Hunan Province (2021RC2017), the Natural Science Foundation of Hunan Province (2021JJ41027).

Author information

Author notes

  1. Liyun Wang and Jianbo Yu contributed equally to this work

Authors and Affiliations

  1. Department of Neurosurgery, Shengzhou People’s Hospital (the First Affiliated Hospital of Zhejiang University Shengzhou Branch), Shengzhou, China

    Liyun Wang & Dongping Shu

  2. Department of Neurosurgery, First Affiliated Hospital, School of Medicine, Zhejiang University, Hangzhou, China

    Jianbo Yu & Luyuan Zhang

  3. Department of Neurosurgery, Xinchang Hospital of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Shaoxing, China

    Bin Huang

  4. Department of Otolaryngology Head and Neck Surgery, Xiangya Hospital, Central South University, Changsha, China

    Yumin Wang

Authors
  1. Liyun Wang
    View author publications

    You can also search for this author in PubMed Google Scholar

  2. Jianbo Yu
    View author publications

    You can also search for this author in PubMed Google Scholar

  3. Dongping Shu
    View author publications

    You can also search for this author in PubMed Google Scholar

  4. Bin Huang
    View author publications

    You can also search for this author in PubMed Google Scholar

  5. Yumin Wang
    View author publications

    You can also search for this author in PubMed Google Scholar

  6. Luyuan Zhang
    View author publications

    You can also search for this author in PubMed Google Scholar

Contributions

LW and JY contributed to all of the literature review in this work. BH and DS collected the data of case report. LW and JY wrote the manuscript, YW and LZ participated in the process of finalizing the final manuscript. All authors read and approved the final manuscript..

Corresponding authors

Correspondence to Yumin Wang or Luyuan Zhang.

Ethics declarations

Ethics approval and consent to participate

Not applicable.

Consent for publication

Written consent for publication was obtained from the patient of this case report. A copy of the written consent is available for review by the editor of this journal.

Competing interests

The authors declare that they have no competing interests.

Additional information

Publisher's Note

Springer Nature remains neutral with regard to jurisdictional claims in published maps and institutional affiliations.

Rights and permissions

Open Access This article is licensed under a Creative Commons Attribution 4.0 International License, which permits use, sharing, adaptation, distribution and reproduction in any medium or format, as long as you give appropriate credit to the original author(s) and the source, provide a link to the Creative Commons licence, and indicate if changes were made. The images or other third party material in this article are included in the article's Creative Commons licence, unless indicated otherwise in a credit line to the material. If material is not included in the article's Creative Commons licence and your intended use is not permitted by statutory regulation or exceeds the permitted use, you will need to obtain permission directly from the copyright holder. To view a copy of this licence, visit http://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/4.0/. The Creative Commons Public Domain Dedication waiver (http://creativecommons.org/publicdomain/zero/1.0/) applies to the data made available in this article, unless otherwise stated in a credit line to the data.

Reprints and permissions

About this article

Check for updates. Verify currency and authenticity via CrossMark

Cite this article

Wang, L., Yu, J., Shu, D. et al. Primary endodermal hemangiopericytoma/solitary fibrous tumor of the cervical spine: a case report and literature review. BMC Surg 21, 405 (2021). https://doi.org/10.1186/s12893-021-01399-6

Download citation

  • Received:

  • Accepted:

  • Published:

  • DOI: https://doi.org/10.1186/s12893-021-01399-6

Keywords

BMC Surgery

ISSN: 1471-2482

Contact us