Table 1 Demographic characteristics, surgical and analgesia variables (n = 203)

Age (years, mean ± SD)

72.6 ± 5.8

Male (n, %)

111 (54.7)

BMI (Kg/m², mean ± SD)

22.6 ± 3.2

Smoking (n, %)

70 (34.5)

Alcohol consumption (n, %)

100 (49.3)

Previous abdominal surgery (n, %)

37 (18.2)

Hypertension (n, %)

90 (44.3)

Diabetes (n, %)

31 (15.3)

Coronary heart disease (n, %)

17 (8.4)

COPD (n, %)

73 (36.0)

Cerebral vascular disease (n, %)

15 (7.4)

ASA physical status (n, %)

I

32 (15.8)

II

136 (67.0)

III

32 (15.8)

IV

3 (1.5)

FRAIL ≥ 3 (n, %)

37 (18.2)

mFI-5 ≥ 2 (n, %)

78 (38.4)

GFI ≥ 4 (n, %)

66 (32.5)

Surgical type (n, %)

Gastric

41 (20.2)

Small bowel

6 (3.0)

Colonic

110 (54.2)

Rectal

46 (22.7)

Duration of surgery (min, mean ± SD)

209 ± 81

Intraoperative fluid infusion (mL/Kg·h, mean ± SD)

7.3 ± 2.5

Intraoperative packed RBC infusion [mL, median (range)]

0 (0, 800)

Urine output (mL/Kg·h, mean ± SD)

1.9 ± 2.1

Blood loss [mL, median (range)]

50 (5, 600)

Time to first flatus (h, mean ± SD)

55 ± 32

Time to first defecation (h, mean ± SD)

88 ± 42

Time to first soft diet intake (h, mean ± SD)

70 ± 47

PPOI (n, %)

95 (46.8)

Length of hospital stay (d, mean ± SD)

14 ± 6