Fig. 5

Preoperative lateral and frontal views of a female patient with normal BMI and small breast (cup size A) sitting on the operating table with her arms adducted to her side and showing the marking of the right breast lump as well as delineation of the medial margin of the planned LICAP flap (A & B), intraoperative images showing the modified LICAP flap before and after harvesting with the mapped perforators (red dots) which required de-epithelialization to fill the lumpectomy defect after excision of the mass through the same wound of the flap (C & D). Postoperative cosmetic outcomes at 1-month-postoperative (E & F) are seen through lateral and frontal images of the breast while patient abducting her arms > 90 degrees to expose the scar with good healing. Cosmetic outcomes after 4 months of surgery and 1 month of radiotherapy with resultant post-radiotherapy mild right breast edema and inflammation (G & H)