Table 1 Patients’ characteristics of the training cohort and validation cohort

IAC, n (%)

0.988

  No

389 (69.1)

116 (69.0)

273 (69.1)

  Yes

174 (30.9)

52 (31.0)

122 (30.9)

Gender, n (%)

0.785

  Female

360 (63.9)

106 (63.1)

254 (64.3)

  Male

203 (36.1)

62 (36.9)

141 (35.7)

Hypertension, n (%)

0.368

  No

423 (75.1)

122 (72.6)

301 (76.2)

  Yes

140 (24.9)

46 (27.4)

94 (23.8)

Diabetes, n (%)

0.221

  No

503 (89.3)

146 (86.9)

357 (90.4)

  Yes

60 (10.7)

22 (13.1)

38 (9.6)

COPD, n (%)

0.629

  No

558 (99.1)

167 (99.4)

391 (99.0)

  Yes

5 (0.9)

1 (0.6)

4 (1.0)

Smoking history, n (%)

0.78

  Non-smoker

463 (82.2)

137 (81.5)

326 (82.5)

  Smoker

100 (17.8)

31 (18.5)

69 (17.5)

Blood type, n (%)

0.435

  A

166 (29.5)

47 (28.0)

119 (30.1)

  B

179 (31.8)

60 (35.7)

119 (30.1)

  AB

76 (13.5)

18 (10.7)

58 (14.7)

  O

142 (25.2)

43 (25.6)

99 (25.1)

ASA, n (%)

0.239

  1

77 (13.7)

17 (10.1)

60 (15.2)

  2

481 (85.4)

150 (89.3)

331 (83.8)

  3

5 (0.9)

1 (0.6)

4 (1.0)

Location, n (%)

0.5

  Centrality

47 (8.3)

12 (7.1)

35 (8.9)

  Peripherality

516 (91.7)

156 (92.9)

360 (91.1)

Shape, n (%)

0.995

  Regularity

335 (59.5)

100 (59.5)

235 (59.5)

  Irregularity

228 (40.5)

68 (40.5)

160 (40.5)

Spiculation, n (%)

0.882

  No

311 (55.2)

92 (54.8)

219 (55.4)

  Yes

252 (44.8)

76 (45.2)

176 (44.6)

Cavitation sign, n (%)

0.599

  No

500 (88.8)

151 (89.9)

349 (88.4)

  Yes

63 (11.2)

17 (10.1)

46 (11.6)

Calcification, n (%)

0.356

  No

561 (99.6)

168 (100.0)

393 (99.5)

  Yes

2 (0.4)

0 (0.0)

2 (0.5)

Vascular penetration sign, n (%)

0.234

  No

207 (36.8)

68 (40.5)

139 (35.2)

  Yes

356 (63.2)

100 (59.5)

256 (64.8)

Pleural adhesions, n (%)

0.688

  No

365 (64.8)

111 (66.1)

254 (64.3)

  Yes

198 (35.2)

57 (33.9)

141 (35.7)

Bronchus sign, n (%)

0.27

  No

458 (81.3)

132 (78.6)

326 (82.5)

  Yes

105 (18.7)

36 (21.4)

69 (17.5)

Lobulation, n (%)

0.7

  No

448 (79.6)

132 (78.6)

316 (80.0)

  Yes

115 (20.4)

36 (21.4)

79 (20.0)

Lymph node enlargement sign, n (%)

0.422

  No

508 (90.2)

149 (88.7)

359 (90.9)

  Yes

55 (9.8)

19 (11.3)

36 (9.1)

Pleural effusion sign, n (%)

0.356

  No

561 (99.6)

168 (100.0)

393 (99.5)

  Yes

2 (0.4)

0 (0.0)

2 (0.5)

Albumin (g/L), median (IQR)

60.10 (58.00, 62.05)

60.10 (57.98, 62.30)

60.10 (58.00, 61.90)

0.825

Lymphocyte (×109/L), median (IQR)

1.84 (1.49, 2.23)

1.81 (1.48, 2.19)

1.86 (1.50, 2.26)

0.517

PNI (%), median (IQR)

69.35 (66.93, 71.90)

69.45 (66.99, 71.48)

69.30 (66.85, 72.03)

0.958

Neutrophil (×109/L), median (IQR)

2.97 (2.43, 3.66)

2.95 (2.45, 3.90)

2.97 (2.43, 3.50)

0.375

Eosinophil (×109/L), median (IQR)

0.10 (0.06, 0.16)

0.10 (0.07, 0.16)

0.09 (0.06, 0.16)

0.573

Basophil (×109/L), median (IQR)

0.03 (0.02, 0.04)

0.03 (0.02, 0.04)

0.03 (0.02, 0.04)

0.508

Monocyte (×109/L), median (IQR)

0.40 (0.33, 0.49)

0.42 (0.35, 0.52)

0.40 (0.33, 0.49)

0.089

Erythrocyte (×1012/L), median (IQR)

4.48 (4.20, 4.83)

4.48 (4.16, 4.81)

4.48 (4.23, 4.84)

0.722

Hemoglobin (g/L), median (IQR)

136.00 (128.00, 146.50)

135.50 (127.00, 144.25)

136.00 (129.00, 147.00)

0.351

Platelet (×109/L), median (IQR)

236.00 (206.00, 272.50)

237.00 (202.75, 272.50)

235.00 (207.50, 272.50)

0.991

NLR (%), median (IQR)

1.64 (1.27, 2.09)

1.70 (1.25, 2.15)

1.62 (1.28, 2.06)

0.423

PLR (%), median (IQR)

130.00 (105.50, 158.60)

133.50 (104.57, 160.84)

129.21 (106.15, 156.53)

0.531

MLR (%), median (IQR)

0.22 (0.18, 0.27)

0.22 (0.18, 0.28)

0.21 (0.17, 0.27)

0.149

dNLR (%), median (IQR)

1.25 (1.00, 1.54)

1.26 (0.96, 1.57)

1.25 (1.00, 1.53)

0.753

NLPR (%), median (IQR)

0.01 (0.01, 0.01)

0.01 (0.01, 0.01)

0.01 (0.01, 0.01)

0.6

SIRI (%), median (IQR)

0.63 (0.47, 0.92)

0.65 (0.47, 1.03)

0.62 (0.47, 0.90)

0.153

AISI (%), median (IQR)

147.97 (103.82, 226.98)

156.63 (104.56, 253.41)

146.32 (103.60, 220.58)

0.155

SII (%), median (IQR)

379.78 (288.68, 505.98)

387.88 (281.58, 537.30)

375.44 (290.75, 488.74)

0.399

PIV (%), median (IQR)

147.97 (103.82, 226.98)

156.63 (104.56, 253.41)

146.32 (103.60, 220.58)

0.155

Blood sugar(mmol/L), median (IQR)

5.09 (4.70, 5.58)

5.11 (4.71, 5.62)

5.07 (4.70, 5.58)

0.591

Complement C1q(mg/L), median (IQR)

171.00 (153.05, 190.85)

167.00 (151.10, 190.50)

171.60 (153.85, 190.85)

0.341

LDH (U/L), median (IQR)

191.00 (169.50, 215.50)

195.00 (166.00, 217.00)

191.00 (171.00, 215.00)

0.991

SA (mg/dL), median (IQR)

53.10 (48.90, 57.30)

52.70 (48.80, 57.90)

53.20 (48.95, 57.20)

0.928

5’-NT (U/L), median (IQR)

4.00 (3.00, 5.00)

4.00 (3.00, 5.00)

4.00 (3.00, 5.00)

0.801

Pro-GRP (pg/mL), median (IQR)

41.96 (33.02, 45.84)

41.96 (32.49, 45.51)

41.96 (33.05, 46.17)

0.483

SCC (ng/mL), median (IQR)

1.05 (0.80, 1.70)

1.07 (0.73, 1.83)

1.03 (0.80, 1.69)

0.735

Cyfra21-1 (ng/mL), median (IQR)

2.28 (1.62, 2.54)

2.20 (1.60, 2.43)

2.31 (1.64, 2.56)

0.57

CEA (ng/mL), median (IQR)

2.30 (1.41, 2.60)

2.26 (1.39, 2.54)

2.32 (1.42, 2.61)

0.613

CA125 (U/mL), median (IQR)

10.72 (7.50, 11.55)

10.70 (7.40, 11.60)

10.72 (7.53, 11.35)

0.663

NSE (ng/mL), median (IQR)

19.45 (15.85, 21.00)

19.30 (15.57, 20.33)

19.45 (16.30, 21.05)

0.359

Age (years), median (IQR)

56.00 (48.00, 63.00)

57.00 (49.00, 63.00)

56.00 (48.00, 63.00)

0.464

BMI (kg/m2), median (IQR)

24.57 (22.48, 26.43)

24.76 (22.58, 26.46)

24.45 (22.42, 26.34)

0.391

FEV1% predicted (%), median (IQR)

105.97 (95.56, 114.79)

104.89 (94.26, 113.56)

106.05 (96.50, 115.71)

0.129

MVV% predicted (%), median (IQR)

104.79 (91.40, 116.59)

103.80 (90.24, 113.51)

105.00 (91.90, 118.06)

0.288

Maximum diameter (cm), median (IQR)

1.00 (0.70, 1.40)

1.00 (0.80, 1.30)

1.00 (0.70, 1.40)

0.383