Table 2 Postoperative outcomes of all patients and complications

Number of days until first flatus

2.9 ± 1

3.4 ± 1.5

< 0.01 †

Number of days until first oral intake

3.7 ± 1

4.2 ± 1.7

0.01 †

Number of days until first defecation

4.3 ± 1.2

4.7 ± 1.7

0.04 †

VAS

 Day 0

2.5 ± 0.7

2.4 ± 0.9

0.29 †

 Day 1

2 ± 0.7

1.9 ± 0.6

0.3 †

 Day 2

1.6 ± 0.6

1.7 ± 0.6

0.35 †

 Day 3

1.3 ± 0.6

1.5 ± 0.6

0.17 †

 Day 4

1.3 ± 0.6

1.3 ± 0.6

0.96 †

Number of days of postoperative stay

9.7 ± 3.7

10.5 ± 6.1

0.26 †

Total amount of drainage, ml

1095 ± 1519.3

1215.5 ± 1305

0.51 †

Complication rate

19 (17.4)

18 (13.6)

0.42 ‡

 Paralytic ileus

10 (9.2)

10 (7.6)

0.64 ‡

 Surgical site infection

6 (5.5)

6 (4.5)

0.72 ‡

 Hemorrhage

1 (1)

4 (3.7)

0.26 ‡

 Anastomotic leakage

1 (1)

0 (0)

0.27 ‡

 Complication severity ^a

0.99 ‡

  Grade 1

2 (10.5)

2 (11.1)

  Grade 2

13 (68.4)

12 (66.7)

  ≥ Grade 3

4 (21.1)

4 (22.2)

BT

0.489‡

 ≥ 38 °C

35 (32)

48 (36)

 < 38 °C

74 (68)

84 (64)

WBC

0.036‡

 > 10,000/µL

60 (55)

90 (68)

 ≤ 10,000/µL

49 (45)

42 (32)

Dosage of IV analgesic

3.4 ± 3

4.8 ± 5.8

0.02 †

Types of analgesic

0.12

 No analgesic

12 (11)

21 (15.9)

 NSAID

34 (31.2)

24 (18.2)

 Opioids

45 (41.3)

62 (47)

 NSAID + Opioids

18 (16.5)

25 (18.9)