Variables | All (N = 315) | Group I (N = 88) | Group II (N = 167) | Group III (N = 60) | P value |
---|---|---|---|---|---|
Liver status | Â | Â | Â | Â | 0.001 |
 Cirrhosis | 296 (94%) | 86 (97.7%) | 160 (95.8%) | 50 (83.3%) | |
 Normal | 19 (6%) | 2 (2.3%) | 7 (4.2%) | 10 (16.7%) | |
Site | Â | Â | Â | Â | 0.04 |
 Right hemi-liver | 160 (50.8%) | 35 (39.8%) | 90 (53.9%) | 35 (58.3%) | |
 Left hemi-liver | 141 (44.8%) | 51 (58%) | 68 (40.7%) | 22 (36.7%) | |
 Caudate lobe | 6 (1.9%) | 2 (2.3%) | 4 (2.4%) | 0 | |
 Bilobar | 8 (2.5%) | 0 | 5 (3%) | 3 (5%) | |
Lesion site details | Â | Â | Â | Â | 0.001 |
 Right hemi-liver | 27 (8.6%) | 2 (2.3%) | 10 (6%) | 15 (25%) | |
 Left hemi-liver | 11 (3.5%) | 1 (1.1%) | 6 (3.6%) | 4 (6.7%) | |
 Left lateral section | 56 (17.8%) | 14 (15.9%) | 32 (19.2%) | 10 (16.7%) | |
 Segment IV | 16 (5.1%) | 7 (8%) | 6 (3.6%) | 3 (5%) | |
 Right anterior section | 2 (0.6%) | 0 | 2 (1.2%) | 0 | |
 Right posterior section | 12 (3.8%) | 1 (1.1%) | 6 (3.6%) | 5 (8.3%) | |
Central | 10 (3.2%) | 4 (4.5%) | 5 (3%) | 1 (1.7%) | |
 Caudate lobe | 6 (1.9%) | 2 (2.3%) | 4 (2.4%) | 0 | |
 Segment II | 13 (4.1%) | 7 (8%) | 6 (3.6%) | 0 | |
 Segment III | 35 (11.1%) | 20 (22.7%) | 13 (7.8%) | 2 (3.3%) | |
 Segment V | 14 (4.4%) | 6 (6.8%) | 8 (4.8%) | 0 | |
 Segment VI | 45 (14.3%) | 11 (12.5%) | 28 (16.8%) | 6 (10%) | |
 Segment VII | 32 (10.2%) | 10 (11.4%) | 19 (11.4%) | 3 (5%) | |
 Segment VIII | 15 (4.8%) | 3 (3.4%) | 11 (6.6%) | 1 (1.7%) | |
 Multi-site | 20 (6.3%) | 0 | 11 (6.6%) | 9 (15%) | |
Number | Â | Â | Â | Â | 0.003 |
 Single | 290 (92.1%) | 87 (98.9%) | 153 (91.6%) | 50 (83.3%) | |
 Multiple | 25 (7.9%) | 1 (1.1%) | 14 (8.4%) | 10 (16.7%) | |
 Vascular invasion | 41 (13%) | 6 (6.8%) | 17 (10.2%) | 18 (30%) | 0.001 |
 Biliary invasion | 1 (0.3%) | 0 | 1 (0.6%) | 0 | 0.641 |
 Nearby organ invasion | 19 (6%) | 3 (3.4%) | 7 (4.2%) | 9 (15%) | 0.005 |
 Lymph nodes | 25 (7.9%) | 5 (5.7%) | 9 (5.4%) | 11 (18.3%) | 0.004 |
 Intraoperative biopsies | 16 (5.1%) | 3 (3.4%) | 8 (4.8%) | 5 (8.3%) | 0.395 |
Biopsy site | Â | Â | Â | Â | 0.299 |
 Suspicious liver nodule | 7 (2.3%) | 2 (2.3%) | 3 (1.9%) | 2 (3.3%) | |
 Safety margin | 1 (0.3%) | 0 | 1 (0.6%) | 0 | |
 Lymph nodes | 8 (2.5%) | 1 (1.1%) | 4 (2.4%) | 3 (5%) | |
Biopsy result | Â | Â | Â | Â | 0.239 |
 HCC | 5 (1.6%) | 0 | 3 (1.8%) | 2 (3.3%) | |
 High grade tumor | 1 (0.3%) | 1 (1.1%) | 0 | 0 | |
 Negative | 10 (3.2%) | 2 (2.3%) | 5 (3%) | 3 (5%) | |
Surgery approach | Â | Â | Â | Â | 0.312 |
 Open | 308 (97.8%) | 85 (96.6%) | 163 (97.6%) | 60 (100%) | |
 Laparoscopic | 5 (1.6%) | 3 (3.4%) | 2 (1.2%) | 0 | |
 Failed laparoscopic | 2 (0.6%) | 0 | 2 (1.2%) | 0 | |
Liver resection extent | Â | Â | Â | Â | 0.001 |
 Minor | 241 (76.5%) | 82 (93.2%) | 131 (78.4%) | 28 (46.7%) | |
 Major | 74 (23.5%) | 6 (6.8%) | 36 (21.6%) | 32 (53.3%) | |
Liver resection type | Â | Â | Â | Â | 0.001 |
 Tumorectomy | 149 (47.3%) | 56 (63.6%) | 82 (49.1%) | 11 (18.3%) | |
 Segmentectomy | 6 (1.9%) | 0 | 6 (3.6%) | 0 | |
 Left lateral sectionectomy | 72 (22.9%) | 22 (25%) | 35 (21%) | 15 (25%) | |
 Right anterior sectionectomy | 1 (0.3%) | 1 (1.1%) | 0 | 0 | |
 Right posterior sectionectomy | 1 (0.3%) | 0 | 1 (0.6%) | 0 | |
 Left hepatectomy | 14 (4.4%) | 1 (1.1%) | 7 (4.2%) | 6 (10%) | |
 Extended left hepatectomy | 1 (0.3%) | 0 | 1 (0.6%) | 0 | |
 Right hepatectomy | 52 (16.5%) | 3 (3.4%) | 27 (16.2%) | 22 (36.7%) | |
 Extended right hepatectomy | 6 (1.9%) | 2 (2.3%) | 1 (0.6%) | 3 (5%) | |
 Central hepatectomy | 1 (0.3%) | 1 (1.1%) | 0 | 0 | |
 Caudate lobectomy | 6 (1.9%) | 2 (2.3%) | 4 (2.4%) | 0 | |
 Multiple resections | 6 (1.9%) | 0 | 3 (1.8%) | 3 (5%) | |
Associated portal thrombectomy | 6 (1.9%) | 0 | 3 (1.8%) | 3 (5%) | 0.091 |
Associated extrahepatic biliary resection | 1 (0.3%) | 0 | 1 (0.6%) | 0 | 0.641 |
Pringle procedure use | 46 (14.6%) | 9 (10.2%) | 26 (15.6%) | 11 (18.3%) | 0.342 |
Pringle indication | Â | Â | Â | Â | 0.007 |
 Elective | 27 (8.6%) | 7 (8%) | 18 (10.8%) | 2 (3.3%) | |
 Emergency | 19 (6%) | 2 (2.3%) | 8 (4.8%) | 9 (15%) | |
Pringle duration (minutes) | 17.5 (10–90) | 15 (10–25) | 17.5 (10–90) | 20 (15–40) | 0.904 |
Operation time (hours) | 3 (1.2–7) | 2.5 (1.2–7) | 3 (1.2–6) | 3.5 (1.5–6) | 0.001 |
Blood loss (ml) | 600 (50–6000) | 400 (50–4000) | 600 (50–6000) | 1000 (100–6000) | 0.001 |
Blood transfusion | 152 (48.3%) | 25 (28.4%) | 84 (50.3%) | 43 (71.7%) | 0.001 |