Table 1 Multi-level strategies for the surgical community to become more climate conscious and adaptable [16]
Aspect of Surgery | Possible Strategies for Increased Climate Consciousness |
|---|---|
Surgical Healthcare Provision | • Green anesthetic practices: o Reducing desflurane use, reducing nitrous oxide use. o Using low-flow settings when using volatile anesthetics. o Increase use of intravenous anesthesia • Green operative practices: o Reducing plastic syringe use o Reducing unnecessary intravenous fluid and drug use o Using reusable surgical gowns & drapes o Using reusable surgical equipment, including laparoscopy ports • Green operating theatre practices: o Turning off lights when not in use o Turning off heating/cooling systems at nights and on weekends o Installing energy-efficient lighting o Turning off taps between hand washing • Telemedicine and remote consultations |
Surgical Education & Training | • Incorporating sustainability curriculum in education and training • Virtual education |
Surgical Health Systems | • Design and construct healthcare facilities using sustainable building practices, energy-efficient systems, and renewable energy resources • Improving waste management programs • Optimize sterilization processes for water and energy use • Sustainable supply chains |
Surgical Academia | • Promote research on the intersection between surgery and climate change through strategies such as dedicated scientific journals, journal special issues, and scientific conferences |
Surgical Innovations | • Designing surgical devices with a lower environmental footprint |