Table 3 Univariate Cox regression analyses of clinicopathological features associated with OS of patients with PDAC

T stage

0.003

0.011

 T2 vs. T1

1.091 (0.853–1.396)

0.488

1.566 (1.142–2.145)

0.005

 T3 vs. T1

1.533 (1.159–2.028)

0.003

1.631 (1.136–2.342)

0.008

N stage

< 0.001

< 0.001

 N1 vs. N0

4.699 (3.593–6.146)

< 0.001

3.515(2.533–4.878)

< 0.001

 N2 vs. N0

7.478 (5.576–10.03)

< 0.001

5.789 (4.022–8.332)

< 0.001

TNM stage

< 0.001

< 0.001

 TNM II vs. TNM I

3.822 (2.879–5.072)

< 0.001

3.315 (2.304–4.767)

< 0.001

 TNM III vs. TNM I

7.234 (5.310–9.856)

< 0.001

6.158 (4.131–9.179)

< 0.001

Grade, G3/4 vs. G1/2

1.551 (1.227–1.960)

< 0.001

2.220 (1.683–2.929)

< 0.001

PNI, with vs. without

0.648 (0.413–1.017)

0.059

1.834 (1.084–3.103)

0.024

LVI, with vs. without

1.693 (1.289–2.223)

< 0.001

1.836 (1.320–2.555)

< 0.001

Ki67, ≥ 40% vs. <40%

1.327(1.085–1.622)

0.006

1.266(0.972–1.647)

0.080

G-Ki67

< 0.001

< 0.001

 II vs. I

1.308 (1.047–1.633)

0.018

1.316 (0.973–1.780)

0.075

 III vs. I

1.821 (1.386–2.391)

< 0.001

2.688 (1.889–3.826)

< 0.001

R status, R1 vs. R0

1.050 (0.830–1.329)

0.684

1.381 (1.074–1.774)

0.012

Adjuvant therapy, with vs. without

1.675 (1.520–1.845)

< 0.001

1.505 (1.318–1.718)

< 0.001