Table 1 League tables of different lumbar fusion techniques for outcomes in LSS
From: Different lumbar fusion techniques for lumbar spinal stenosis: a Bayesian network meta-analysis
Pain | |||||||||||
| Â | Endo-TLIF | MIS-TLIF | TLIF | XLIF | Â | Â | Â | Â | Â | Â | Â |
 Endo-TLIF | Endo-TLIF | 0.04 (-2.95, 3.02) | 1.18 (-2.49, 4.83) | 1.15 (-3.30, 5.60) |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |
 MIS-TLIF | -0.04 (-3.02, 2.95) | MIS-TLIF | 1.14 (-0.99, 3.25) | 1.11 (-2.19, 4.39) |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |
 TLIF | -1.18 (-4.83, 2.49) | -1.14 (-3.25, 0.99) | TLIF | -0.03 (-3.96, 3.90) |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |
 XLIF | -1.15 (-5.60, 3.30) | -1.11 (-4.39, 2.19) | 0.03 (-3.90, 3.96) | XLIF |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |
Low back pain | |||||||||||
| Â | Endo-PLIF | Endo-TLIF | MIS-PLIF | MIS-TLIF | OLIF | PLF | PLIF | TLIF | XLIF | Â | Â |
 Endo-PLIF | Endo-PLIF | 0.21 (-0.98, 1.38) | 0.09 (-1.82, 2.01) | 0.14 (-0.80, 1.08) | 0.37 (-0.97, 1.72) | 1.79 (-0.23, 3.79) | 0.39 (-0.55, 1.33) | 0.32 (-0.84, 1.49) | 0.17 (-1.37, 1.77) |  |  |
 Endo-TLIF | -0.21 (-1.38, 0.98) | Endo-TLIF | -0.12 (-2.03, 1.81) | -0.07 (-1.01, 0.89) | 0.16 (-1.18, 1.53) | 1.58 (-0.43, 3.58) | 0.18 (-0.75, 1.12) | 0.11 (-1.04, 1.29) | -0.04 (-1.57, 1.58) |  |  |
 MIS-PLIF | -0.09 (-2.01, 1.82) | 0.12 (-1.81, 2.03) | MIS-PLIF | 0.05 (-1.83, 1.92) | 0.28 (-1.84, 2.39) | 1.69 (-0.75, 4.14) | 0.31 (-1.38, 1.97) | 0.23 (-1.78, 2.23) | 0.08 (-2.18, 2.38) |  |  |
 MIS-TLIF | -0.14 (-1.08, 0.80) | 0.07 (-0.89, 1.01) | -0.05 (-1.92, 1.83) | MIS-TLIF | 0.23 (-0.74, 1.20) | 1.64 (-0.33, 3.61) | 0.25 (-0.60, 1.10) | 0.18 (-0.51, 0.87) | 0.03 (-1.21, 1.32) |  |  |
 OLIF | -0.37 (-1.72, 0.97) | -0.16 (-1.53, 1.18) | -0.28 (-2.39, 1.84) | -0.23 (-1.20, 0.74) | OLIF | 1.42 (-0.78, 3.60) | 0.02 (-1.27, 1.30) | -0.05 (-0.73, 0.64) | -0.20 (-1.76, 1.42) |  |  |
 PLF | -1.79 (-3.79, 0.23) | -1.58 (-3.58, 0.43) | -1.69 (-4.14, 0.75) | -1.64 (-3.61, 0.33) | -1.42 (-3.60, 0.78) | PLF | -1.39 (-3.18, 0.39) | -1.46 (-3.54, 0.63) | -1.61 (-3.93, 0.76) |  |  |
 PLIF | -0.39 (-1.33, 0.55) | -0.18 (-1.12, 0.75) | -0.3 (-1.97, 1.38) | -0.25 (-1.10, 0.60) | -0.02 (-1.30, 1.27) | 1.39 (-0.39, 3.18) | PLIF | -0.07 (-1.16, 1.03) | -0.22 (-1.71, 1.33) |  |  |
 TLIF | -0.32 (-1.49, 0.84) | -0.11 (-1.29, 1.04) | -0.23 (-2.23, 1.78) | -0.18 (-0.88, 0.51) | 0.05 (-0.64, 0.73) | 1.46 (-0.63, 3.54) | 0.07 (-1.03, 1.16) | TLIF | -0.15 (-1.56, 1.31) |  |  |
 XLIF | -0.17 (-1.77, 1.37) | 0.04 (-1.58, 1.57) | -0.08 (-2.38, 2.18) | -0.03 (-1.32, 1.21) | 0.20 (-1.42, 1.76) | 1.61 (-0.76, 3.93) | 0.22 (-1.33, 1.71) | 0.15 (-1.31, 1.56) | XLIF |  |  |
Leg pain | |||||||||||
| Â | Endo-PLIF | Endo-TLIF | MIS-PLIF | MIS-TLIF | OLIF | PLF | PLIF | TLIF | XLIF | Â | Â |
 Endo-PLIF | Endo-PLIF | -0.25 (-1.46, 0.96) | -0.49 (-2.56, 1.60) | -0.16 (-1.12, 0.79) | 0.13 (-1.27, 1.48) | 0.41 (-1.3, 2.14) | 0.01 (-0.94, 0.98) | -0.16 (-1.35, 1.01) | 1.24 (-1.15, 3.61) |  |  |
 Endo-TLIF | 0.25 (-0.96, 1.46) | Endo-TLIF | -0.24 (-2.30, 1.84) | 0.09 (-0.87, 1.05) | 0.39 (-1.01, 1.73) | 0.67 (-1.04, 2.39) | 0.27 (-0.68, 1.23) | 0.09 (-1.10, 1.27) | 1.49 (-0.90, 3.86) |  |  |
 MIS-PLIF | 0.49 (-1.60, 2.56) | 0.24 (-1.84, 2.30) | MIS-PLIF | 0.33 (-1.72, 2.35) | 0.62 (-1.66, 2.85) | 0.90 (-1.42, 3.25) | 0.50 (-1.35, 2.35) | 0.33 (-1.83, 2.46) | 1.73 (-1.26, 4.70) |  |  |
 MIS-TLIF | 0.16 (-0.79, 1.12) | -0.09 (-1.05, 0.87) | -0.33 (-2.35, 1.72) | MIS-TLIF | 0.29 (-0.72, 1.26) | 0.58 (-1.09, 2.25) | 0.18 (-0.69, 1.05) | 0.00 (-0.70, 0.70) | 1.40 (-0.76, 3.57) |  |  |
 OLIF | -0.13 (-1.48, 1.27) | -0.39 (-1.73, 1.01) | -0.62 (-2.85, 1.66) | -0.29 (-1.26, 0.72) | OLIF | 0.29 (-1.62, 2.26) | -0.12 (-1.40, 1.23) | -0.29 (-0.98, 0.43) | 1.11 (-1.28, 3.49) |  |  |
 PLF | -0.41 (-2.14, 1.3) | -0.67 (-2.39, 1.04) | -0.90 (-3.25, 1.42) | -0.58 (-2.25, 1.09) | -0.29 (-2.26, 1.62) | PLF | -0.40 (-1.83, 1.03) | -0.58 (-2.40, 1.23) | 0.82 (-1.94, 3.56) |  |  |
 PLIF | -0.01 (-0.98, 0.94) | -0.27 (-1.23, 0.68) | -0.51 (-2.35, 1.35) | -0.18 (-1.05, 0.68) | 0.12 (-1.23, 1.40) | 0.40 (-1.03, 1.83) | PLIF | -0.18 (-1.30, 0.93) | 1.22 (-1.14, 3.55) |  |  |
 TLIF | 0.16 (-1.01, 1.35) | -0.09 (-1.27, 1.10) | -0.33 (-2.46, 1.83) | 0.00 (-0.70, 0.69) | 0.29 (-0.43, 0.98) | 0.58 (-1.23, 2.40) | 0.18 (-0.93, 1.30) | TLIF | 1.40 (-0.90, 3.68) |  |  |
 XLIF | -1.24 (-3.61, 1.15) | -1.49 (-3.86, 0.90) | -1.73 (-4.70, 1.26) | -1.4 (-3.57, 0.79) | -1.11 (-3.49, 1.28) | -0.82 (-3.56, 1.94) | -1.22 (-3.55, 1.14) | -1.40 (-3.68, 0.90) | XLIF |  |  |
JOA | |||||||||||
| Â | Endo-TLIF | MIS-TLIF | TLIF | Â | Â | Â | Â | Â | Â | Â | Â |
 Endo-TLIF | Endo-TLIF | -0.19 (-8.42, 8.00) | -1.77 (-11.31, 7.70) |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |
 MIS-TLIF | 0.18 (-8.00, 8.42) | MIS-TLIF | -1.58 (-6.41, 3.19) |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |
 TLIF | 1.77 (-7.70, 11.31) | 1.58 (-3.19, 6.41) | TLIF |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |
ODI | |||||||||||
| Â | circumferential | Endo-PLIF | Endo-TLIF | MIS-PLIF | MIS-TLIF | OLIF | PLF | PLIF | TLIF | XLIF | Â |
 circumferential | circumferential | 10.13 (-2.28, 22.64) | 9.26 (-3.21, 21.86) | 7.24 (-6.95, 21.45) | 9.13 (-3.24, 21.62) | 11.21 (-1.26, 23.80) | 6.41 (-1.60, 14.37) | 8.80 (-3.56, 21.28) | 10.9 (-1.54, 23.44) | 9.22 (-4.85, 23.33) |  |
 Endo-PLIF | -10.13 (-22.64, 2.28) | Endo-PLIF | -0.87 (-2.97, 1.21) | -2.91 (-9.98, 4.08) | -1.01 (-2.01, -0.004) | 1.08 (-0.85, 3.02) | -3.73 (-13.35, 5.80) | -1.33 (-2.37, -0.29) | 0.77 (-0.81, 2.35) | -0.92 (-7.62, 5.81) |  |
 Endo-TLIF | -9.26 (-21.86, 3.21) | 0.87 (-1.21, 2.97) | Endo-TLIF | -2.04 (-9.28, 5.13) | -0.14 (-2.01, 1.74) | 1.95 (-0.56, 4.46) | -2.85 (-12.60, 6.78) | -0.46 (-2.27, 1.36) | 1.64 (-0.59, 3.88) | -0.05 (-6.94, 6.86) |  |
 MIS-PLIF | -7.24 (-21.45, 6.95) | 2.91 (-4.08, 9.98) | 2.04 (-5.13, 9.28) | MIS-PLIF | 1.91 (-5.04, 8.92) | 3.99 (-3.18, 11.2) | -0.82 (-12.61, 10.91) | 1.59 (-5.35, 8.54) | 3.68 (-3.38, 10.81) | 2.00 (-7.66, 11.67) |  |
 MIS-TLIF | -9.13 (-21.62, 3.24) | 1.01 (0.00, 2.01) | 0.14 (-1.74, 2.01) | -1.91 (-8.92, 5.04) | MIS-TLIF | 2.09 (0.43, 3.74) | -2.72 (-12.31, 6.75) | -0.32 (-0.86, 0.22) | 1.78 (0.57, 3.00) | 0.07 (-6.55, 6.74) |  |
 OLIF | -11.21 (-23.8, 1.26) | -1.08 (-3.02, 0.85) | -1.95 (-4.46, 0.56) | -3.99 (-11.20, 3.18) | -2.09 (-3.74, -0.43) | OLIF | -4.80 (-14.53, 4.80) | -2.41 (-4.15, -0.66) | -0.31 (-1.44, 0.82) | -2.00 (-8.85, 4.85) |  |
 PLF | -6.41 (-14.37, 1.50) | 3.73 (-5.80, 13.35) | 2.85 (-6.78, 12.60) | 0.82 (-10.91, 12.61) | 2.72 (-6.75, 12.31) | 4.80 (-4.80, 14.53) | PLF | 2.40 (-7.07, 11.97) | 4.50 (-5.03, 14.17) | 2.80 (-8.76, 14.46) |  |
 PLIF | -8.80 (-21.28, 3.56) | 1.33 (0.29, 2.37) | 0.46 (-1.36, 2.27) | -1.59 (-8.57, 5.34) | 0.32 (-0.22, 0.86) | 2.41 (0.66, 4.15) | -2.40 (-11.97, 7.07) | PLIF | 2.10 (0.76, 3.43) | 0.40 (-6.24, 7.09) |  |
 TLIF | -10.90 (-23.44, 1.54) | -0.77 (-2.35, 0.81) | -1.64 (-3.88, 0.59) | -3.68 (-10.81, 3.38) | -1.78 (-3.00, -0.55) | 0.31 (-0.82, 1.44) | -4.50 (-14.17, 5.03) | -2.10 (-3.43, -0.76) | TLIF | -1.69 (-8.43, 5.06) |  |
 XLIF | -9.22 (-23.33, 4.85) | 0.92 (-5.81, 7.62) | 0.05 (-6.86, 6.94) | -2.00 (-11.67, 7.66) | -0.09 (-6.74, 6.54) | 2.00 (-4.85, 8.85) | -2.80 (-14.46, 8.76) | -0.40 (-7.09, 6.24) | 1.69 (-5.06, 8.43) | XLIF |  |
Complications | |||||||||||
| Â | Endo-PLIF | Endo-TLIF | MIS-TLIF | OLIF | TLIF | XLIF | Â | Â | Â | Â | Â |
 Endo-PLIF | Endo-PLIF | 2.19 (0.08, 92.77) | 2.02 (0.16, 56.09) | 2.71 (0.18, 85.61) | 1.82 (0.13, 55.45) | 6.63 (0.47, 200.63) |  |  |  |  |  |
 Endo-TLIF | 0.46 (0.01, 12.11) | Endo-TLIF | 0.93 (0.15, 7.68) | 1.24 (0.16, 12.20) | 0.83 (0.11, 7.82) | 3.03 (0.41, 28.48) |  |  |  |  |  |
 MIS-TLIF | 0.50 (0.02, 6.16) | 1.08 (0.13, 6.75) | MIS-TLIF | 1.34 (0.52, 3.37) | 0.89 (0.39, 2.00) | 3.19 (1.57, 7.63) |  |  |  |  |  |
 OLIF | 0.37 (0.01, 5.48) | 0.80 (0.08, 6.35) | 0.75 (0.30, 1.92) | OLIF | 0.67 (0.43, 1.05) | 2.42 (0.74, 8.53) |  |  |  |  |  |
 TLIF | 0.55 (0.02, 7.94) | 1.20 (0.13, 9.00) | 1.12 (0.50, 2.55) | 1.49 (0.95, 2.36) | TLIF | 3.59 (1.21, 11.8) |  |  |  |  |  |
 XLIF | 0.15 (0.00, 2.12) | 0.33 (0.04, 2.41) | 0.31 (0.13, 0.64) | 0.41 (0.12, 1.35) | 0.28 (0.08, 0.83) | XLIF |  |  |  |  |  |
Reoperation | |||||||||||
| Â | circumferential | Endo-TLIF | MIS-TLIF | OLIF | PLF | PLIF | TLIF | XLIF | Â | Â | Â |
 circumferential | circumferential | 9.59 (0.02, 7583.09) | 5.39 (0.04, 1658.52) | 15.55 (0.09, 5842.20) | 0.88 (0.02, 31.39) | 4.01 (0.06, 463.97) | 12.92 (0.09, 3819.25) | 3.20 (0.01, 1277.30) |  |  |  |
 Endo-TLIF | 0.10 (0.00, 45.92) | Endo-TLIF | 0.58 (0.02, 20.38) | 1.66 (0.03, 89.10) | 0.09 (0.00, 12.96) | 0.45 (0.00, 36.64) | 1.38 (0.03, 50.18) | 0.34 (0.01, 17.16) |  |  |  |
 MIS-TLIF | 0.19 (0.00, 26.68) | 1.74 (0.05, 65.92) | MIS-TLIF | 2.90 (0.44, 18.73) | 0.17 (0.00, 5.21) | 0.83 (0.03, 11.03) | 2.41 (1.19, 4.84) | 0.62 (0.08, 3.24) |  |  |  |
 OLIF | 0.06 (0.00, 11.71) | 0.6 (0.01, 35.12) | 0.35 (0.05, 2.25) | OLIF | 0.06 (0.00, 2.56) | 0.28 (0.01, 5.94) | 0.83 (0.15, 4.74) | 0.21 (0.01, 2.61) |  |  |  |
 PLF | 1.15 (0.03, 41.16) | 10.63 (0.08, 3417.14) | 5.75 (0.19, 644.62) | 16.97 (0.39, 2320.71) | PLF | 4.01 (0.63, 102.71) | 13.84 (0.51, 1513.92) | 3.52 (0.07, 523.86) |  |  |  |
 PLIF | 0.25 (0.00, 15.88) | 2.24 (0.03, 302.84) | 1.21 (0.09, 39.44) | 3.59 (0.17, 157.55) | 0.24 (0.01, 1.61) | PLIF | 2.89 (0.24, 89.89) | 0.75 (0.03, 34.19) |  |  |  |
 TLIF | 0.08 (0.00, 10.55) | 0.72 (0.02, 28.76) | 0.42 (0.21, 0.84) | 1.20 (0.21, 6.79) | 0.07 (0.00, 1.96) | 0.35 (0.01, 4.15) | TLIF | 0.26 (0.03, 1.55) |  |  |  |
 XLIF | 0.31 (0.00, 68.28) | 2.92 (0.06, 181.69) | 1.61 (0.31, 12.82) | 4.78 (0.38, 74.62) | 0.28 (0.00, 15.02) | 1.34 (0.03, 36.74) | 3.91 (0.65, 34.72) | XLIF |  |  |  |
Fusion | |||||||||||
| Â | circumferential | Endo-PLIF | Endo-TLIF | MIS-PLF | MIS-PLIF | MIS-TLIF | OLIF | PLF | PLIF | TLIF | XLIF |
 circumferential | circumferential | 0.85 (0.62, 1.14) | 0.92 (0.69, 1.22) | 0.03 (0.00, 0.76) | 0.96 (0.72, 1.27) | 0.92 (0.68, 1.23) | 0.94 (0.69, 1.28) | 0.91 (0.72, 1.09) | 0.96 (0.74, 1.25) | 0.95 (0.71, 1.27) | 1.00 (0.74, 1.36) |
 Endo-PLIF | 1.18 (0.87, 1.62) | Endo-PLIF | 1.07 (0.96, 1.30) | 0.03 (0.00, 0.90) | 1.12 (0.95, 1.38) | 1.07 (0.97, 1.29) | 1.1 (0.95, 1.36) | 1.07 (0.85, 1.35) | 1.13 (0.99, 1.36) | 1.11 (0.99, 1.35) | 1.17 (1.02, 1.44) |
 Endo-TLIF | 1.09 (0.82, 1.45) | 0.93 (0.77, 1.04) | Endo-TLIF | 0.03 (0.00, 0.83) | 1.04 (0.90, 1.21) | 1.00 (0.94, 1.07) | 1.02 (0.91, 1.15) | 0.99 (0.79, 1.19) | 1.04 (0.94, 1.17) | 1.03 (0.95, 1.13) | 1.08 (0.98, 1.23) |
 MIS-PLF | 35.65 (1.31, 113,395.97) | 30.19 (1.11, 94,731.25) | 32.68 (1.21, 102,493.79) | MIS-PLF | 34.11 (1.26, 106,641.47) | 32.63 (1.20, 102,391.47) | 33.47 (1.23, 104,609.18) | 33.28 (1.20, 101,428.96) | 34.19 (1.26, 106,953.77) | 33.78 (1.25, 105,413.31) | 35.63 (1.31, 111,795.43) |
 MIS-PLIF | 1.04 (0.79, 1.39) | 0.89 (0.72, 1.05) | 0.96 (0.83, 1.11) | 0.03 (0.00, 0.79) | MIS-PLIF | 0.96 (0.82, 1.12) | 0.98 (0.82, 1.18) | 0.95 (0.77, 1.13) | 1.00 (0.91, 1.11) | 0.99 (0.84, 1.17) | 1.04 (0.87, 1.25) |
 MIS-TLIF | 1.09 (0.82, 1.46) | 0.94 (0.77, 1.03) | 1.00 (0.94, 1.07) | 0.03 (0.00, 0.83) | 1.05 (0.9, 1.22) | MIS-TLIF | 1.03 (0.92, 1.13) | 1.00 (0.79, 1.20) | 1.05 (0.93, 1.19) | 1.03 (0.99, 1.09) | 1.09 (1.01, 1.21) |
 OLIF | 1.06 (0.78, 1.45) | 0.91 (0.74, 1.06) | 0.98 (0.87, 1.10) | 0.03 (0.00, 0.81) | 1.02 (0.85, 1.23) | 0.97 (0.88, 1.08) | OLIF | 0.97 (0.76, 1.20) | 1.02 (0.87, 1.20) | 1.01 (0.93, 1.11) | 1.06 (0.93, 1.23) |
 PLF | 1.09 (0.91, 1.38) | 0.93 (0.74, 1.18) | 1.01 (0.84, 1.26) | 0.03 (0.00, 0.84) | 1.05 (0.89, 1.30) | 1.00 (0.83, 1.26) | 1.03 (0.83, 1.32) | PLF | 1.05 (0.92, 1.28) | 1.04 (0.86, 1.31) | 1.1 (0.89, 1.40) |
 PLIF | 1.04 (0.8, 1.36) | 0.89 (0.74, 1.01) | 0.96 (0.85, 1.07) | 0.03 (0.00, 0.79) | 1.00 (0.90, 1.09) | 0.95 (0.84, 1.08) | 0.98 (0.83, 1.15) | 0.95 (0.78, 1.09) | PLIF | 0.99 (0.87, 1.13) | 1.04 (0.89, 1.22) |
 TLIF | 1.05 (0.78, 1.42) | 0.90 (0.74, 1.01) | 0.97 (0.89, 1.05) | 0.03 (0.00, 0.80) | 1.01 (0.86, 1.19) | 0.97 (0.91, 1.01) | 0.99 (0.90, 1.08) | 0.96 (0.76, 1.17) | 1.01 (0.89, 1.16) | TLIF | 1.05 (0.95, 1.18) |
 XLIF | 1 (0.74, 1.36) | 0.86 (0.69, 0.98) | 0.92 (0.81, 1.02) | 0.03 (0.00, 0.76) | 0.96 (0.80, 1.14) | 0.92 (0.82, 1.00) | 0.94 (0.81, 1.07) | 0.91 (0.71, 1.12) | 0.96 (0.82, 1.12) | 0.95 (0.85, 1.05) | XLIF |