Fig. 2

Study flowchart. Data were extracted from 685 cases, 126 of which were open abdomen methods and were excluded from analysis; of the 559 remaining cases, 29 cases that converted from laparoscopic to open surgery due to disease progression or intra-abdominal adhesions were excluded. Of the 530 patients, 44 were excluded because they lacked CT images at 1 year postoperatively. In addition, 15 of the 486 patients were excluded if another abdominal surgery was performed within 1 year of the initial surgery. Preoperative imaging excluded one patient with a preoperative umbilical hernia; ultimately, 470 patients were included in the study. In the first half of the study period, the abdominal fascia was closed with braided interrupted sutures, and in the latter half, it was closed with barbed running sutures