Table 1 Baseline demographic and clinical characteristics

n (%)

132 (40.7)

192 (59.3)

324 (100.0)

GCS: Eye-opening, n (%)

 None

17 (12.9)

28 (14.6)

45 (13.9)

 To pain

21 (15.9)

21 (10.9)

42 (13.0)

 To speech

18 (13.6)

18 (9.4)

36 (11.1)

 Spontaneously

76 (57.6)

125 (65.1)

201 (62.0)

0.302

GCS: Verbal response, n (%)

 None

17 (12.9)

26 (13.5)

43 (13.3)

 Incomprehensive

19 (14.4)

38 (19.8)

57 (17.6)

 Inappropriate

17 (12.9)

11 (5.7)

28 (8.6)

 Confused

78 (59.1)

115 (59.9)

193 (59.6)

 Oriented

1 (0.8)

2 (1.0)

3 (0.9)

0.197

GCS: Motor, n (%)

 None

1 (0.8)

6 (3.1)

7 (2.2)

 Extension to pain

3 (2.3)

5 (2.6)

8 (2.5)

 Flexion to pain

9 (6.8)

14 (7.3)

23 (7.1)

 Withdraws from pain

9 (6.8)

18 (9.4)

27 (8.3)

 Localises to pain

33 (25.0)

30 (15.6)

63 (19.4)

 Obeys commands

77 (58.3)

119 (62.0)

196 (60.5)

0.268

Severity of GCS, mean (sd)

11.6 (3.0)

11.5 (3.4)

11.6 (3.2)

0.791

Severity of GCS, median (iqr)

14.0 (5.0)

14.0 (4.8)

14.0 (5.0)

0.744

Severity of GCS, median (iqi)

14.0 (9.0; 14.0)

14.0 (9.3; 14.0)

14.0 (9.0; 14.0)

0.744

Severity group, n (%)

 Mild

78 (59.1)

114 (59.4)

192 (59.3)

 Moderate

28 (21.2)

35 (18.2)

63 (19.4)

 Severe

26 (19.7)

43 (22.4)

69 (21.3)

0.731

Does patient have unequal pupil size n (%)

 No

113 (85.6)

166 (86.5)

279 (86.1)

 Yes

19 (14.4)

26 (13.5)

45 (13.9)

0.827

Pupillary light reflex, n (%)

 Both Unresponsive

5 (3.8)

8 (4.2)

13 (4.0)

 One Unresponsive

19 (14.4)

24 (12.5)

43 (13.3)

 Both Responsive

108 (81.8)

160 (83.3)

268 (82.7)

0.878

Are the pupils dilated? (>4mm)?, n (%)

 Both Dilated

9 (6.8)

14 (7.3)

23 (7.1)

 One Dilated

24 (18.2)

26 (13.5)

50 (15.4)

 Both Normal Size

99 (75.0)

152 (79.2)

251 (77.5)

0.524

Are the pupils miotic?, n (%)

 (< 3mm) Bilaterally miotic

7 (5.3)

9 (4.7)

16 (4.9)

 Unilaterally miotic with intact light response

125 (94.7)

183 (95.3)

308 (95.1)

0.802