Table2 Patient characteristics and endoscopic interventions in the training and validation cohorts
Variables | Total (n = 245) | Training cohort (n = 204) | Test cohort (n = 41) |
|---|---|---|---|
Sex, n (%) | |||
 Male | 103 (42.041) | 82 (40.196) | 21 (51.22) |
 Female | 142 (57.959) | 122 (59.804) | 20 (48.78) |
Age, Median (Q1,Q3a) | 74 (65,80) | 74 (64.75,80.00) | 75 (65,79) |
Obstruction site, n (%) | |||
 Low obstruction | 198 (80.816) | 162 (79.412) | 36 (87.805) |
 High obstruction | 47 (19.184) | 42 (20.588) | 5 (12.195) |
Stent placement, n (%) | |||
 One-stent placement | 233 (95.102) | 193 (94.608) | 40 (97.561) |
 Two-stent placements | 12 (4.898) | 11 (5.392) | 1 (2.439) |
Lymph node metastasis, n (%) | |||
 No | 135 (55.102) | 110 (53.922) | 25 (60.976) |
 Yes | 110 (44.898) | 94 (46.078) | 16 (39.024) |
Distant metastasis, n (%) | |||
 No | 158 (64.49) | 131 (64.216) | 27 (65.854) |
 Yes | 87 (35.51) | 73 (35.784) | 14 (34.146) |
Cholangitis before stent insertion, n (%) | |||
 No | 200 (81.633) | 167 (81.863) | 33 (80.488) |
 Yes | 45 (18.367) | 37 (18.137) | 8 (19.512) |
Post-ERCP complications, n (%) | |||
 No | 177 (72.245) | 145 (71.078) | 32 (78.049) |
 Yes | 68 (27.755) | 59 (28.922) | 9 (21.951) |
Child–Pugh class, n (%) | |||
 A or B | 223 (91.02) | 186 (91.176) | 37 (90.244) |
 C | 22 (8.98) | 18 (8.824) | 4 (9.756) |
Type of malignancy, n (%) | |||
 Gallbladder cancer | 24 (9.796) | 93 (45.588) | 26 (63.415) |
 Cholangiocarcinoma | 63 (25.714) | 24 (11.765) | 0 (0) |
 Ampullary cancer | 24 (9.796) | 56 (27.451) | 7 (17.073) |
 Other | 15 (6.122) | 19 (9.314) | 5 (12.195) |
 Pancreatic cancer | 119 (48.571) | 12 (5.882) | 3 (7.317) |
Ascites, n (%) | |||
 No | 168 (68.571) | 140 (68.627) | 28 (68.293) |
 Yes | 77 (31.429) | 64 (31.373) | 13 (31.707) |
White blood cell count (109/L), Median (Q1,Q3) | 6 (4.5,7.5) | 6.02 (4.60,7.54) | 5.8 (4.2,7.3) |
Red blood cell count (1012/L), Mean ± SD | 3.584 ± 0.605 | 3.617 ± 0.578 | 3.416 ± 0.711 |
Hemoglobin (g/L), Mean ± SD | 110.429 ± 17.702 | 111.309 ± 17.167 | 106.049 ± 19.803 |
Platelet (109/L), Median (Q1,Q3) | 187 (138,247) | 183.5 (138.75,246.00) | 207 (125,256) |
TB (mg/dL), Median (Q1,Q3) | 201.4(113.0,288.2) | 198.55(115.40,288.05) | 217.9(109.4,294.5) |
ALT (u/L), Median (Q1,Q3) | 85 (46,149) | 82 (46.75,146.25) | 97 (46,202) |
AST (u/L), Median (Q1,Q3) | 89 (52,145) | 87.5 (52.00,141.75) | 112 (64,146) |
Albumin (g/L), Mean ± SD | 34.59 ± 5.242 | 34.583 ± 5.226 | 34.622 ± 5.386 |
Creatinine (μmoI/L), Median (Q1,Q3) | 64.8 (55.40,78.60) | 64.65 (55.40,77.85) | 66.3 (54.4,78.6) |
PT (s), Median (Q1,Q3) | 13.8 (13.0,14.7) | 13.8 (12.9,14.7) | 13.8 (13.1,14.9) |
Successful drainageb, n (%) | |||
 No | 114 (46.531) | 99 (48.529) | 15 (36.585) |
 Yes | 131 (53.469) | 105 (51.471) | 26 (63.415) |
30-day mortalityc, n (%) | |||
 No | 222 (90.612) | 185 (90.686) | 37 (90.244) |
 Yes | 23 (9.388) | 19 (9.314) | 4 (9.756) |