Table 4 Univariate and multivariate analyses of prognostic factors for overall survival in patients without neoadjuvant chemotherapy

Age (> 60 vs. ≤60 years)

0.967(0.631–1.483)

0.879

1.238(0.729–2.101)

0.430

Sex (male vs. female)

1.081(0.695–1.682)

0.730

0.978(0.567–1.687)

0.937

Primary tumor location (rectum vs. colon)

1.16(0.746–1.805)

0.510

1.754(1.030–2.987)

0.039

1.508(0.854–2.665)

0.157

Primary T stage (4 vs. 1–3)

0.985(0.627–1.549)

0.946

0.671(0.391–1.153)

0.149

Nodal metastases (positive vs. negative)

2.243(1.356–3.708)

0.002

2.083(1.24–3.50)

0.006

2.066(1.108–3.853)

0.023

2.174(1.130–4.182)

0.020

Primary tumor differentiation (poor vs. well to moderate)

1.266(0.773–2.07)

0.349

1.104(0.582–2.096)

0.762

Timing of metastasis(synchronous vs. metachronous)

0.88(0.57–1.359)

0.565

0.777(0.456–1.324)

0.343

Preoperative CEA (> 5 vs. ≤ 5 ng/mL)

1.876(1.146–3.073)

0.012

1.553(0.938–2.572)

0.087

2.643(1.322–5.281)

0.006

2.026(1-4.104)

0.050

Preoperative CA19-9 (> 35 vs. ≤ 35 U/mL)

1.434(0.911–2.258)

0.119

0.576(0.332–1.001)

0.051

Postoperative adjuvant therapy (yes vs. no)

1.337(0.934–1.916)

0.113

1.26(0.793-2.00)

0.328

TBS (> 3 vs. ≤ 3)

1.893(1.236–2.899)

0.003

1.175(1.049–1.317)

0.024

1.736(1.022–2.949)

0.041

1.646(0.941–2.88)

0.081

Tumor distribution (bilobar vs. unilobar)

2.159(1.293–3.607)

0.003

1.786(1.037–3.078)

0.045

1.258(0.633–2.497)

0.512

Postoperative chemotherapy (yes vs. no)

1.189(0.745–1.899)

0.467

1.185(0.672–2.090)

0.557