Table 1 Clinical characteristics of the patients in two groups according to 90-day all-cause mortality

Age (year)

63.71 ± 16.75

61.93 ± 16.54

71.75 ± 15.27

-18.552

< 0.001^a

Female (%)

3080 (48.16)

2516 (48.08)

564 (48.54)

0.080

0.778^b

SOFA Score

4 (2, 6)

3 (2, 5)

6 (4, 8)

-21.799

< 0.001^c

SAPS II

33.56 ± 13.44

31.34 ± 12.18

43.54 ± 14.28

-29.893

< 0.001^a

AG (mmol/L)

14.78 ± 3.82

14.51 ± 3.58

15.59 ± 4.55

-12.036

< 0.001^a

Bicarbonate (mmol/L)

23.18 ± 4.13

23.33 ± 3.93

22.48 ± 4.85

6.387

< 0.001*

WBC count (×10⁹/L)

10.7 (7.8, 14.3)

10.5 (7.7, 14.0)

11.7 (8.8, 15.8)

-7.716

< 0.001^c

RBC count (×10¹²/L)

3.78 ± 0.73

3.81 ± 0.71

3.65 ± 0.81

6.615

< 0.001^a

RDW (%)

14.60 ± 2.07

14.43 ± 1.90

15.35 ± 2.56

-13.950

< 0.001^a

Platelet count (×10⁹/L)

207 (156, 271)

208 (159, 270)

202 (241, 272)

3.181

0.002^c

SCR (umol/L)

79.56 (61.88, 106.08)

70.72 (61.88, 97.24)

88.4 (70.72, 141.44)

-11.518

< 0.001^c

BUN (mg/dL)

16 (12, 25)

15 (11, 22)

22 (15, 35)

-17.084

< 0.001^c

Glucose (mmol/L)

7.28 (6, 9.06)

7.22 (6, 8.94)

7.58 (6.22, 9.61)

-4.863

< 0.001^c

Calcium (mmol/L)

2.11 ± 0.21

2.10 ± 0.21

2.11 ± 0.22

-1.131

0.258^a

Phosphorus(mmol/L)

1.15 ± 0.39

1.14 ± 0.37

1.20 ± 0.48

-4.364

< 0.001^a

Magnesium (mmol/L)

0.78 ± 0.15

0.78 ± 0.14

0.80 ± 0.16

-4.917

< 0.001^a

Comorbidity, n (%)

  Hypertension

2971 (46.46)

2407 (46.00)

564 (48.54)

2.467

0.116 ^b

  Diabetes

1548 (24.21)

1241 (23.71)

307 (26.42)

3.792

0.051^b

  Cirrhosis

538 (8.41)

391 (7.47)

147 (12.65)

33.098

< 0.001^b

  CKD

826 (12.92)

613 (11.71)

213 (18.33)

37.006

< 0.001^b

  COPD

586 (9.16)

436 (8.33)

150 (12.91)

23.931

< 0.001^b

  Brain injury

1617 (18.25)

1192 (22.78)

425 (36.57)

95.801

< 0.001^b

  Acute pancreatitis

94 (1.47)

78 (1.49)

16 (1.38)

0.085

0.771^b

  Malignant tumor

1007 (15.75)

773 (14.77)

234 (20.14)

20.637

< 0.001^b

  AMI

118 (1.85)

75 (1.43)

43 (3.70)

26.989

< 0.001^b

  AKI

3400 (53.17)

2570 (49.11)

830 (71.43)

190.195

< 0.001^b

  Sepsis

2932 (45.85)

2240 (42.81)

692 (59.55)

107.415

< 0.001^b

Surgery, n (%)

  General surgery

709 (11.09)

610 (11.66)

99 (8.25)

9.492

0.002^b

  Neurosurgery

1449 (22.66)

1264 (24.15)

185 (15.92)

36.783

< 0.001^b

  Orthopedic surgery

202 (3.16)

174 (3.33)

28 (2.41)

2.605

0.107^b

  SICU stay (day)

2.58 (1.67, 4.98)

2.38 (1.61, 4.60)

3.43 (1.96, 7.58)

-12.030

< 0.001^c