Table 4 Univariate and multivariate analyses of the risk factors for intraoperative injuries in MIE

Sex

Female vs. Male

1.793

0.757–4.248

0.184

Age

<70 y.o vs.

≧70 y.o

1.412

0.753–2.648

0.283

Preoperative chemotherapy

Absent vs. Present

1.385

0.759–2.527

0.289

Reconstruction route

Mediastinal vs. Retrosternal

3.086

1.285–7.407

0.012 *

Abdominal procedure

Open vs. HALS

1.333

0.707–2.519

0.374

Intrathoracic adhesion

Absent vs. Present

2.520

1.355–4.688

0.004 *

2.496

1.269–4.910

0.008 *

Resection of thoracic duct

Absent vs. Present

0.827

0.399–1.717

0.611

Artificial pneumothorax

Present vs. Absent

1.089

0.538–2.204

0.812

cT

0–2 vs. 3,4

1.130

0.620–2.062

0.689

cN

0 vs. 1≦

1.348

0.736–2.469

0.334

cM

0 vs. 1

1.795

0.844–3.817

0.129

cStage

0–2 vs. 3–4

1.420

0.778–2.591

0.254

Resectability

R0 vs. R1≦

2.500

1.072–5.848

0.034 *

Height

<164.3 cm vs. ≧ 164.3 cm

0.929

0.509–1.692

0.809

Body weight

<57.2 kg vs. ≧ 57.2 kg

1.000

0.549–1.822

> 0.999

BMI

<21.5 vs. ≧ 21.5

1.412

0.774–2.578

0.261

Distance α

≧ 3.95 mm vs. <3.95 mm

2.653

1.401-5.000

0.003 *

2.833

1.121–7.143

0.028 *

Distance β

<31 mm vs. ≧ 31 mm

1.669

0.908–3.067

0.099

Degree γ

≧ 4.2° vs. <4.2°

1.838

0.997–3.390

0.051