Table 4 Oncological parameters according to second surgical approach

Length of bowel resection, mm

Mean ± SD

270 ± 96

245 ± 130

0.37

Resection margin^a,b

Positive

0 (0%)

0 (0%)

1.00

Number of harvested lymph nodes^a

Median (IQR)

21 (9–33)

14 (5–26)

0.13

Pathological T^a,c

-T1

17 (47%)

10 (32%)

0.41

T2

1 (3%)

1 (3%)

T3

14 (39%)

11 (36%)

T4

4 (11%)

9 (29%)

Pathological N^a

N0

28 (78%)

23 (74%)

0.94

N1

6 (17%)

6 (19%)

N2

2 (5%)

2 (7%)

Distant metastasis^a

Present

0 (0%)

3 (9%) ^d

0.095

Stage^a,c

0-I

16 (45%)

10 (32%)

0.56

II

12 (33%)

12 (39%)

III

8 (22%)

6 (20%)

IV

0 (0%)

3 (9%)