Table 4 Recently reported studies in predicting risk factors and protective factors for DGE
From: Risk stratification of clinically relevant delayed gastric emptying after pancreaticoduodenectomy
Author, year | Country | Type | Research period | Sample size | Outcome variable | Risk factors | Protective factors |
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
Herrera, 2019 [19] | Spain | RCT | 2013–2016 | 64 | Grade A-C | Male gender, Intro-abdominal complications, Preoperative malnutrition, Hemorrhage | NA |
Watanabe, 2020 [20] | Japan | Retrospective | 2009–2018 | 281 | Grade B-C | POPF, TACC > 110 mm | NA |
Cai, 2020 [2] | China | Retrospective | 2009–2018 | 308 | Grade B-C | PPPD, Biliary leakage, Intra-abdominal infection, Diabetes | NA |
Lee, 2020 [21] | South Korea | Retrospective | 2010–2016 | 115 | Grade A-C | PPPD, POPF grade B-C | NA |
Snyder, 2020 [22] | USA | ACS-NSQIP database | 2014–2016 | 10,249 | Grade B-C | Age > 65 years, Male sex, BMI > 30, ASA ≥ 3, PPPD, Longer operative time (> 356 min) | Preoperative chemotherapy |
Quero, 2021 [23] | Italy | Prospective | 2019–2020 | 121 | Grade B-C | ASA ≥ 3, Horizontal gastrojejunostomy orientation, Flow angle > 30° (Efferent jejunal limb and the stomach), Clavien-Dindo complications ≥ 3 | NA |
Varghese, 2021 [24] | New Zealand | Meta-Analysis on 24 RCTs | 1999- 2020 | 2526 | Grade B-C | PPPD | Antecolic gastrojejunostomy, Braun’s anastomosis |
Arango, 2021 [18] | USA | Prospective | 2011–2019 | 724 | Grade A-C | PPPD, Intra-abdominal abscess, Non-white patient | Implementation of RSPCPs |
Fahlbusch, 2022 [25] | Germany | StuDoQ|Pancreas database | 2014–2018 | 5,080 | Grade A-C | Higher age, Longer operative time, Pancreaticogastrostomy, POPF | NA |
Werba 2022 [1] | USA | ACS-NSQIP database | 2014–2018 | 15,154 | Grade B-C | Age > 70 years, COPD, Smoker, ASA ≥ 3, Male sex and Preoperative RBC transfusion, PPPD, Pancreaticogastrostomy, Adhesiolysis, Jejunostomy, Vascular reconstruction | Biliary stent placement, Active smoking |