Table 3 Variables of the whole and matched cohorts in patients with PrPD

Age, years

63.0 (56.0–68.0)

63.0 (53.5–68.0)

0.440

63.0 (52.0–68.0)

63.0 (50.0–68.0)

0.997

Sex

0.587

0.663

 Male

118 (42.4%)

77 (54.6%)

49 (51.6%)

52 (54.7%)

 Female

87 (57.6%)

64 (45.4%)

46 (48.4%)

43 (45.3%)

BMI ≥ 22.1 kg/m²

0.587

1.000

 No

83 (40.5%)

53 (37.6%)

38 (40.0%)

38 (40.0%)

 Yes

122 (59.5%)

88 (62.4%)

57 (60.0%)

57 (60.0%)

Hypertension

0.043

0.545

 No

145 (70.7%)

85 (60.3%)

59 (62.1%)

63 (66.3%)

 Yes

60 (29.3%)

56 (39.7%)

36 (37.9%)

32 (33.7%)

Diabetes mellitus

0.238

0.855

 No

161 (78.5%)

103 (73.0%)

77 (81.1%)

76 (80.0%)

 Yes

44 (21.5%)

38 (27.0%)

18 (18.9%)

19 (20.0%)

Coronary heart disease

0.560

0.579

 No

191 (93.2%)

129 (91.5%)

87 (91.6%)

89 (93.7%)

 Yes

14 (6.8%)

12 (8.5%)

8 (8.4%)

6 (6.3%)

Cerebrovascular disease

0.616

0.351

 No

189 (92.2%)

132 (93.6%)

91 (95.8%)

88 (92.6%)

 Yes

16 (7.8%)

9 (6.4%)

4 (4.2%)

7 (7.4%)

Chronic gastropathy

0.924

0.468

 No

184 (89.8%)

127 (90.1%)

84 (88.4%)

87 (91.6%)

 Yes

21 (10.2%)

14 (9.9%)

11 (11.6%)

8 (8.4%)

Pancreatitis

0.071

0.774

 No

197 (96.1%)

129 (91.5%)

88 (92.6%)

89 (93.7%)

 Yes

8 (3.9%)

12 (8.5%)

7 (7.4%)

6 (6.3%)

Neoadjuvant chemotherapy

0.344

0.678

 No

195 (95.1%)

137 (97.2%)

90 (94.7%)

91 (95.8%)

 Yes

10 (4.9%)

4 (2.8%)

5 (5.3%)

4 (4.2%)

ASA classification

0.428

1.000

 1

6 (2.9%)

8 (5.7%)

4 (4.2%)

6 (6.3%)

 2

161 (78.5%)

106 (75.2%)

76 (80.0%)

71 (74.7%)

 3

38 (18.5%)

27 (19.1%)

15 (15.8%)

18 (18.9%)

Tumor location

0.499

0.967

 Pancreatic

127 (62.0%)

96 (68.1%)

64 (67.4%)

61 (64.2%)

 Duodenum

25 (12.2%)

14 (9.9%)

10 (10%)

12 (12.6%)

 Common bile duct

23 (11.2%)

17 (12.1%)

11 (11.6%)

12 (12.6%)

 Vater’s ampulla

30 (14.6%)

14 (9.9%)

10 (10.5%)

10 (10.5%)

Malignant tumor

0.439

1.000

 No

30 (14.6%)

25 (17.7%)

19 (20.0%)

19 (20.0%)

 Yes

175 (85.4%)

116 (82.3%)

76 (80.0%)

76 (80.0%)

Preoperative biliary drainage

0.564

0.791

 No, with normal TB

111 (54.1%)

81 (57.4%)

52 (54.7%)

52 (54.7%)

 No, TB < 200 μmol/L

28 (13.7%)

25 (15.6%)

16 (16.8%)

13 (13.7%)

 Yes, TB ≥ 200 μmol/L

66 (32.2%)

50 (27.0%)

27 (28.4%)

30 (31.6%)

Preoperative Gastro-intestinal decompression

0.691

1.000

 No

202 (98.5%)

138 (97.9%)

93 (97.9%)

93 (97.9%)

 Yes

3 (1.5%)

3 (2.1%)

2 (2.1%)

2 (2.1%)

Serum albumin ≤ 38 g/L

0.282

1.000

 No

185 (90.2%)

122 (86.5%)

83 (87.4%)

83 (87.4%)

 Yes

20 (9.8%)

19 (13.5%)

12 (12.6%)

12 (12.6%)

Abnormal liver function

0.900

0.381

 No

93 (45.4%)

63 (44.7%)

45 (47.4%)

39 (41.1%)

 Yes

112 (54.6%)

78 (55.3%)

50 (52.6%)

56 (58.9%)

Blood loss ≥ 575 ml

0.369

0.871

 No

133 (64.9%)

98 (69.5%)

69 (72.6%)

68 (71.6%)

 Yes

72 (35.1%)

43 (30.5%)

26 (27.4%)

27 (28.4%)

Plasma transfusion ≥ 400 ml

0.001

0.539

 No

145 (70.7%)

76 (53.9%)

65 (68.4%)

61 (64.2%)

 Yes

60 (29.3%)

65 (46.1%)

30 (31.6%)

34 (35.8%)

RBC transfusion ≥ 1U

0.478

0.453

 No

127 (62.0%)

82 (58.2%)

62 (65.3%)

57 (60.0%)

 Yes

78 (38.0%)

59 (41.8%)

33 (34.7%)

38 (40.0%)

Operation time, hour

6.0 (5.0–6.8)

5.9 (5.0–7.0)

0.543

6.0 (5.2–6.6)

5.0 (5.9–7.0)

0.266

Intraoperative fluid input, ml

3900 (3300–4700)

3800 (3200–4650)

0.041

3900 (3300–4700)

3800 (3200–4500)

0.330

Gastrointestinal anastomosis

0.003

0.866

 Side-to-side

176 (53.7%)

34 (36.2%)

157 (49.5%)

53 (50.5%)

 End-to-side

152 (46.3%)

60 (63.8%)

160 (50.5%)

52 (49.5%)

MIPD

0.000

0.364

 No

140 (68.3%)

131 (92.9%)

82 (86.3%)

86 (90.5%)

 Yes

65 (31.7%)

10 (7.1%)

13 (13.7%)

9 (9.5%)

Braun’s anastomosis

0.389

0.601

 No

190 (92.7%)

127 (90.1%)

86 (90.5%)

88 (92.6%)

 Yes

15 (7.3%)

14 (9.9%)

9 (9.5%)

7 (7.4%)

Vascular reconstruction

0.235

0.579

 No

193 (94.1%)

128 (90.8%)

89 (93.7%)

87 (91.6%)

 Yes

12 (5.9%)

13 (9.2%)

6 (6.3%)

8 (8.4%)

Jejunostomy

0.035

1.000

 No

203 (99.0%)

134 (95.0%)

93 (97.9%)

94 (98.9%)

 Yes

2 (1.0%)

7 (5.0%)

2 (2.1%)

1 (1.1%)

ICU admission

0.033

0.884

 No

91 (44.4%)

79 (56.0%)

53 (55.8%)

52 (54.7%)

 Yes

114 (55.6%)

62 (44.0%)

42 (44.2%)

43 (45.3%)

Mechanical ventilation, hour

8.0 (5.8–15.3)

7.0 (5.5–14.3)

0.159

7.0 (6.0–12.0)

7.0 (5.5–13.8)

0.826

CR-POPF

0.287

1.000

 No

167 (81.5%)

121 (85.8%)

83 (87.4%)

83 (87.4%)

 Yes

38 (18.5%)

20 (14.2%)

12 (12.6%)

12 (12.6%)

Intra-abdominal infection

0.056

0.721

 No

185 (90.2%)

135 (95.7%)

92 (96.8%)

90 (94.7%)

 Yes

20 (9.8%)

6 (4.3%)

3 (3.2%)

5 (5.3%)

Lung infection

0.133

1.000

 No

194 (94.6%)

138 (97.9%)

94 (98.9%)

94 (98.9%)

 Yes

11 (5.4%)

3 (2.1%)

1 (1.1%)

1 (1.1%)

Urinary infection

1.000

1.000

 No

202 (98.5%)

139 (98.6%)

94 (98.9%)

93 (97.9%)

 Yes

3 (1.5%)

2 (1.4%)

1 (1.1%)

2 (2.1%)

Intestinal flora disturbance

0.082

1.000

 No

200 (97.6%)

141 (100.0%)

95 (100.0%)

95 (100.0%)

 Yes

5 (2.4%)

0 (0.0%)

0 (0.0%)

0 (0.0%)

Incisional infection

0.211

1.000

 No

196 (95.6%)

139 (98.6%)

94 (98.9%)

93 (97.9%)

 Yes

9 (4.4%)

2 (1.4%)

1 (1.1%)

2 (2.1%)

CR-DGE

0.009

0.036

 No

171 (83.4%)

101 (71.6%)

80 (84.2%)

68 (71.6%)

 Yes

34 (16.6%)

40 (28.4%)

15 (15.8%)

27 (28.4%)