Table 1 Comparison of demographic and clinical characteristics between NOSE and TASE surgical procedure group

Age at diagnosis,

(mean ± SD, year)

51.60 ± 12.42

57.10 ± 11.50

0.002*

Operation time,

(mean ± SD, min)

206.90 ± 18.34

195.37 ± 16.28

< 0.001*

Lymph nodes extraction, mean ± SD

4.80 ± 4.93

5.60 ± 5.30

0.362

Positive lymph nodes, mean ± SD

0.97 ± 2.29

0.54 ± 1.07

0.826

Gender, N (%)

Male

103(60.95)

35(50)

0.119

Female

66(39.05)

35(50)

Postoperative TNM stage, N (%)†

pCR

51(30.18)

21(30)

0.662

T1,2

41(24.26)

13(18.57)

T3,4

31(18.34)

17(24.29)

N positive

44(26.03)

19(24.14)

Tumor location, N (%)

Low

123(72.78)

16(22.86)

< 0.001*

Mid

32(18.93)

29(41.43)

Upper

14(8.28)

25(35.71)

Local recurrence, N(%)

25(14.79)

3(4.29)

0.022 *

Distant metastasis, N(%)

20(11.83)

10(14.29)

0.603

Both recurrence (local + distant metastasis), N(%)

6(3.55)

1(1.43)

0.677

Metastasis pattern, N(%)

Liver

6(23.08)

8(72.73)

0.120

lung

9(34.61)

1(9.09)

Bone

2(7.69)

0

Brain

1(3.85)

1(9.09)

Multi-site

4(1.54)

0

Other and unknown

4(1.54)

1(9.09)

Circumferential resection margin†,N (%)

Free

164(97.04)

70(100)

1.000

Close margin

2(1.18)

0

Involved

1(0.59)

0

Distal resection margin†, N (%)

Free

153(90.53)

68(97.14)

0.023*

Close margin

12(7.10)

0

Involved

2(1.18)

2(2.86)