Table 2 Characteristics and quality evaluation of the included studies
From: A meta-analysis of risk factors for non-superficial surgical site infection following spinal surgery
Author, year | Study design | Date of data collection | Samples that meet the inclusion criteria (N) | Type of operation | d-SSI or organ/space SSI | risk factors | Statistical method | NOS scores |
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
LIM, S 2018 [2] | retrospective study | 2006–2011 | 111 | Single level lumbar fusion surgery | organ/space SSI | 1. age (> 70) 2. female 3. ASA > 2 4. operative time > 6 h | Logistic regression analysis | 6 |
Zhang, Z 2015 [14] | retrospective study | 2008–2013 | 99 | Posterior thoracic and lumbar surgery | d-SSI | 1. obesity 2. diabetes mellitus 3. number of surgical levels ≥ 3 | Logistic regression analysis | 7 |
Rao, S B 2011 [15] | Prospective study | 2008.01–2008.12 | 57 | Posterior spine fusion surgery | d-SSI | 1. drainage time(per/day) 2.BMI 3.male | Logistic regression analysis | 7 |
Pennington, Z 2019 [16] | retrospective study | 2012–2018 | 38 | Spinal surgery | d-SSI | 1. drainage time(per/day) 2.BMI 3.hemoglobin | Logistic regression analysis | 5 |
Kim, J 2022 [17] | retrospective study | 2012–2018 | 767 | Instrumented spinal fusion surgery | d-SSI | 1. age > 60 2.male 3.rural residence 4.multiple approaches 5.cerebrovascular disease 6.peripheral vascular disease 7.chronic pulmonary disease 8.rheumatologic disease 9.liver disease 10.diabetes mellitus 11.hemiplegia or paraplegia 12.allogenous transfusion 13.use of systemic steroids > 2 weeks | Logistic regression analysis | 8 |
Seki, T 2013 [18] | retrospective study | 2007–2012 | 10 | Spinal surgery | d-SSI | 1. operative time 2. drainage time | Logistic regression analysis | 6 |
Kim, B D 2014 [19] | retrospective study | 2006–2011 | unknown | Single-level lumbar fusion surgery | organ/space SSI | 1. operative time > 5 h | Logistic regression analysis | 6 |
Miller, E M 2022 [20] | retrospective cohort study | 2009–2019 | unknown | Anterior lumbar interbody fusion surgery | organ/space SSI | 1. BMI > 35 | Logistic regression analysis | 7 |
De la Garza-Ramos, R 2016 [21] | retrospective study | 2006–2012 | 264 | Surgery for degenerative spine disease | d-SSI or organ/space SSI | 1. renal morbidity 2. hemato-oncological morbidity 3.chronic steroid use 4. diabetes mellitus 5.obesity 6. lengths of stay 7.operative time | Logistic regression analysis | 6 |
Wang, S 2022 [22] | retrospective study | 2013–2018 | 20 | Posterior lumbar interbody fusion surgery | d-SSI | 1. local use of vancomycin powder 2.BMI 3. drinking 4. urinary tract infections 5. diabetes mellitus 6. blood transfusions 7. number of surgical levels 8. postoperative drainage volume | Logistic regression analysis | 8 |
White, SJW 2019 [23] | retrospective study | 2008–2015 | 52 | Elective anterior lumbar fusion surgery | d-SSI | 1. steroid use | Logistic regression analysis | 6 |