Table 3 Univariate analysis of characteristics between the two groups
Characteristic | PPCs N = 280 | Non-PPCs N = 223 | P |
|---|---|---|---|
Gender | 0.647 | ||
Male | 188 | 154 | |
Female | 92 | 69 | |
Age, (mean ± SD), years | 61.67 ± 11.47 | 58.47 ± 12.41 | 0.003 |
BMI, (mean ± SD), kg/m2 | 25.13 ± 3.77 | 23.7 ± 3.41 | < 0.001 |
Tobacco use, n (%) | 65 (23.21) | 40 (17.93) | 0.149 |
History of hepatectomy, n (%) | 45 (16.1) | 29 (13.0) | 0.327 |
Comorbidities | |||
Diabetes, n (%) | 68 (24.3) | 31 (13.9) | 0.004 |
Hypertension, n (%) | 113 (40.5) | 55 (24.8) | < 0.001 |
Coronary heart disease, n (%) | 23 (8.2) | 20 (9.0) | 0.764 |
Chronic renal insufficiency, n (%) | 9 (3.2) | 3 (1.3) | 0.186 |
Underlying liver disease | |||
HBV infection, n (%) | 111 (39.6) | 82 (36.8) | 0.511 |
Cirrhosis, n (%) | 73 (26.1) | 47 (21.3) | 0.318 |
Portal hypertension, n (%) | 32 (11.4) | 26 (11.7) | 0.690 |
Splenomegaly, n (%) | 39 (13.9) | 32 (14.3) | 0.893 |
Ascites, n (%) | 38 (13.6) | 29 (13.0) | 0.853 |
Steatosis, n (%) | 6 (2.1) | 8 (3.6) | 0.333 |
Laboratory examination | |||
Preoperative serum albumin level, (mean ± SD), g/L | 39.09 ± 7.63 | 40.5 ± 4.64 | 0.020 |
Postoperative CK-MB | 2.9 (1.9, 4.8) | 2.4 (1.56, 3.9) | 0.027 |
Postoperative BNP, (IQR pg/ml) | 65.25 (35, 119.5) | 60.9 (30, 104.4) | 0.328 |
Liver lesion | 0.098 | ||
Benign | 30 | 35 | |
Malign | 250 | 188 | |
Surgery characteristics | |||
Tumor size, (IQR cm) | 6 (3.3, 10) | 6 (4, 10) | 0.986 |
Tumor number ≥ 2, n(%) | 118 (42.1) | 86 (38.6) | 0.417 |
Bilateral subcostal incision | 54 (19.3) | 57 (25.6) | 0.093 |
Hemihepatectomy, n(%) | 88 (31.4) | 74 (33.2) | 0.676 |
Drainage tube, (IQR) | 1 (1, 2) | 1 (1, 2) | 0.701 |
T-tube drainage, n(%) | 34 (12.2) | 21 (9.5) | 0.326 |
Operative time, (IQR min) | 320 (250, 420) | 290 (225, 360) | < 0.001 |
Laparotomy, n (%) | 263 (93.9) | 204 (91.5) | 0.292 |
Microwave ablation, n (%) | 75 (26.8) | 54 (24.2) | 0.512 |
Portal triad clamping period, (IQR min) | 0 (0, 12) | 0 (0, 12) | 0.212 |
Associated extrahepatic procedures*, n (%) | 106 (37.9) | 60 (26.9) | 0.010 |
Anesthetic characteristics | |||
General anesthesia method | 0.376 | ||
Total intravenous anesthesia | 27 | 27 | |
Combined intravenous inhalational anesthesia | 253 | 196 | |
Intraoperative hypotension**, n (%) | 62 (22.2) | 27 (12.1) | 0.004 |
Temperature, (mean ± SD),°C | 35.86 ± 2.23 | 35.92 ± 0.91 | 0.723 |
Intraoperative infusion volume, (IQR L) | 4.81 (3.50, 7.28) | 4.20 (3.10, 5.70) | < 0.001 |
Blood loss, (IQR L) | 1.28 (0.51, 2.40) | 1.00 (0.50, 1.80) | 0.009 |
Urine volume, (IQR L) | 0.80 (0.55, 1.30) | 0.75 (0.45, 1.05) | 0.012 |
Nerve block, n (%) | 31 (11.1) | 32 (14.4) | 0.263 |
Intraoperative or postoperative blood transfusion, n (%) | 221 (78.9) | 150 (67.3) | 0.003 |
ICU first day infusion volume, (IQR L) | 6.91 (5.25, 9.47) | 5.86 (4.59, 7.75) | < 0.001 |