Table 4 Statistical characteristics and results of the comparison tests of different phases of the LPD learning curve of Surgeon B

Intraoperative

Pancreatic texture [n (%)]

0.958^*

Soft pancreas97

29(85.29%)

6(85.71%)

62

Not-soft pancreas15

5(14.71%)

1(14.29%)

9

MPD size(cm) ^a

0.3

0.3

0.3

0.651⁺

Blood loss(mL)^a

400

400

300

0.025⁺

Transfusion [n (%)]

28(82.35%)

5(71.43%)

55(77.46%)

0.787

Transfusion volume(mL)^a

200

200

0

0.149⁺

Complications [n (%)]

Pancreatic fistula (BL/A/B/C)

30/1/1/2

4/1/2/0

47/5/8/1

0.227^*

Delayed gastric emptying

3(8.82%)

0

3(4.23%)

0.555^*

Postoperative hemorrhage

8(23.53%)

2(28.57%)

5(7.04%)

0.035^*

Abdominal infection

2(5.89%)

1(14.28%)

17(23.94%)

0.075^*

Clavien-Dindo classification [n (%)]

0.013^*

Minor(Grade I and II)

21(61.76%)

4(57.14%)

20(28.17%)

Major(Grade III to V)

8(23.53%)

2(28.57%)

24(33.80%)

Reoperation [n (%)]

5(14.71%)

3(42.86%)

6(8.45%)

0.029^*

Death in hospital [n (%)]

2(5.89%)

0

2(2.82%)

0.636^*

Hospital stay (day)^a

20

21

18

0.457⁺

ICU stay (day)^a

2

0

0

0.003⁺