Table 2 Statistical characteristics and results of the comparison tests of intra/post-operative data

Intraoperative

Pancreatic texture [n (%)]

0.576*

Soft pancreas

113(88.98%)

97(86.61%)

Not-soft pancreas

14(11.02%)

15(13.39%)

MPD size(cm) ^a

0.3

0.3

0.651⁺

Blood loss(mL)^a

400

500

< 0.001⁺

Transfusion [n (%)]

57(44.88%)

88(78.57%)

< 0.001^*

Transfusion volume(mL)^a

0

400

< 0.001⁺

Operation time(min)

424.41 ± 91.41

449.11 ± 76.29

0.020^#

Pancreatojejunostomy time(min)^a

40.00

50.00

< 0.001⁺

Choledochojejunostomy time(min)^a

20.00

30.00

< 0.001⁺

Gastrojejunostomy time(min)^a

15.00

25.00

< 0.001⁺

Resection time(min)

347.44 ± 84.22

345.94 ± 71.54

0.883^#

Complications [n (%)]

Pancreatic fistula (BL/A/B/C)

96(75.59%)/2/11/7

81(72.32%)/7/11/3

0.311⁺

Delayed gastric emptying

3(2.36%)

6(5.35%)

0.225^*

Postoperative hemorrhage

9(7.09%)

15(16.07%)

0.106^*

Abdominal infection

13(10.24%)

20(17.86%)

0.088^*

Clavien-Dindo classification [n (%)]

Minor(Grade I and II)

Major(Grade III to V)

36(28.35%)

14(11.02%)

45(40.18%)

34(30.36%)

< 0.001^*

Reoperation [n (%)]

7(5.51%)

14(12.50%)

0.057^*

Death in hospital [n (%)]

4(3.15%)

4(3.57%)

0.856^*

Hospital stay (day)^a

15

19

< 0.001⁺

ICU stay (day)^a

0

0

< 0.001⁺

Pathological results

Tumor Location [n (%)]

0.132^*

Pancreatic head tumor

42(33.07%)

51(45.53%)

Bile duct tumor

44(34.64%)

28(25.00%)

Duodenal tumor

31(24.41%)

21(18.75%)

Ampulla tumor

10(7.87%)

12(10.71%)

Harvested lymph nodes^a

12(10,14)

6(2,8)

< 0.001⁺

Resection margin (positive/negative)

4(3.15%)/123(96.85%)

7(6.25%)/105(93.75%)

0.254^*