From: Long-term oncologic outcomes of natural orifice specimen extraction surgery versus conventional laparoscopic-assisted resection in the treatment of rectal cancer: a propensity-score matching study
Type of Incontinence
After PSM
LAP
(N = 106)
NOSES
(N = 186)
Z
P value
Solid
2.23
2.44
− 1.548
0.122
Liquid
1.18
2.00
− 1.018
0.309
Gas
2.39
2.01
− 1.960
0.050
Wears pad
0.43
0.54
− 1.015
0.310
Lifestyle alteration
2.11
1.75
− 2.587
0.010