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Table 3 Risk factors associated with overall survival in 1995–2012

From: Surgical outcomes and prognostic factors of distal common bile duct adenocarcinoma: chronological analysis in a single high-volume institutional experience

Variables

Reference

Effect

Univariable analysis

Multivariable analysis

HR

95% CI

p -value

HR

95% CI

p -value

Age

  

1.021

1.009–1.033

< 0.001

1.023

1.009–1.036

0.001

Sex

M

F

0.956

0.769–1.187

0.681

   

BMI (Kg/m2)

  

0.987

0.952–1.023

0.470

   

ASA score

1

2

1.605

1.242–2.074

< 0.001

1.450

1.101–1.911

0.008

3 + 4

2.113

1.441–3.098

< 0.001

1.626

1.071–2.468

0.022

Preoperative DM

No

Yes

1.175

0.897–1.540

0.242

   

Preoperative total bilirubin

  

1.012

1.001–1.023

0.033

1.002

0.989–1.014

0.805

Preoperative biliary drainage

No

Yes

1.500

1.086–2.071

0.014

1.385

0.986–1.946

0.060

Preoperative CA19-9

\(\le\) 37

> 37

1.402

1.127–1.745

0.002

0.990

0.779–1.260

0.938

Procedure

PPPD

PRPD

1.253

1.003–1.566

0.047

1.202

0.925–1.562

0.169

  

HPD

1.780

1.163–2.724

0.008

1.714

0.995–2.955

0.052

  

TP

2.230

1.047–4.751

0.038

2.335

0.974–5.598

0.057

Other organ resection

No

Yes

0.833

0.430–1.615

0.589

   

Combined vascular resection

No

Yes

2.335

1.410–3.865

0.001

1.741

1.018–2.977

0.043

Operation time (minutes)

  

1.002

1.000-1.003

0.025

0.999

0.997–1.001

0.386

EBL

  

1.000

1.000-1.001

< 0.001

1.000

1.000-1.001

0.004

Intraoperative transfusion

No

Yes

1.434

1.141–1.801

0.002

1.404

1.074–1.835

0.013

Tumor size

  

1.096

1.024–1.174

0.009

1.108

1.028–1.195

0.007

T stage

T1

T2

1.599

0.986–2.596

0.057

1.316

0.775–2.235

0.309

  

T3

2.302

1.458–3.635

< 0.001

1.722

1.045–2.837

0.033

  

T4

3.013

0.894–10.153

0.075

1.862

0.521–6.654

0.339

Differentiation

Well

Mod

1.626

1.182–2.237

0.003

1.830

1.294–2.587

0.001

  

Poor

2.016

1.418–2.865

< 0.001

2.024

1.378–2.972

< 0.001

  

Undiff

1.684

0.524–5.417

0.382

2.297

0.695–7.588

0.172

 N stage

N0

N1

1.662

1.314–2.102

< 0.001

1.531

1.192–1.967

0.001

  

N2

4.457

3.067–6.477

< 0.001

4.301

2.870–6.444

< 0.001

Resection status

R0

R1

1.918

1.300–2.830

0.001

1.365

0.891–2.093

0.153

  

R2

2.723

0.675–10.987

0.159

0.590

0.133–2.617

0.487

Hospitalization (days)

  

1.002

0.995–1.009

0.549

   

POPF

BL(no)

B

0.726

0.499–1.056

0.094

   
  

C

1.197

0.593–2.417

0.615

   

CDC classification

No

I

0.886

0.613–1.281

0.520

   
  

II

0.990

0.722–1.359

0.952

   
  

IIIa

0.985

0.731–1.325

0.918

   
  

IIIb

0.549

0.282–1.072

0.079

   
  

IVa

0.968

0.477–1.963

0.929

   

Adjuvant treatment

No

Yes

1.405

1.066–1.853

0.016

1.440

1.036–2.002

0.030

  1. Significant values are indicated in bold
  2. BMI body mass index, ASA American Society of Anesthesiologists, DM Diabetes Mellitus, CA19-9 carbohydrate antigen 19 − 9, PPPD Pylorus preserving pancreaticoduodenectomy, PRPD Pylorus resecting pancreaticoduodenectomy, HPD hepaticopancreaticoduodenectomy, TP total pancreatectomy, EBL estimated blood loss, Mod Moderate, Undiff Undifferentiated, POPF postoperative pancreatic fistula, BL Biochemical leak, CDC Clavien-Dindo classification
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