Comparison of post-operative bleeding incidence in laser hemorrhoidoplasty with and without hemorrhoidal artery ligation: a double-blinded randomized controlled trial

Table 1 Socio-demographic characteristic and supplementation of haemorrhoidal artery ligation in patients undergoing LHP

Socio-demographic	LHP n = 38 (%)	LHP + HAL n = 38 (%)	P value
Gender
Male, n = 34	20 (52.6)	14 (36.8)	0.166^a
Female, n = 42	18 (47.4)	24 (63.2)	0.166^a
Age in years, mean ± SD	49.95 ± 12.15	49.58 ± 15.34	0.908^b
Ethnicity
Malay, n = 33	17 (44.7)	16 (42.1)	0.235^a
Chinese, n = 39	21 (55.3)	18 (47.4)
Indian, n = 3	0 (0.0)	3 (7.9)
Indonesian, n = 1	0 (0.0)	1 (2.6)
Grade of haemorrhoids
1 (n = 1)	0 (0.0)	1 (2.6)	0.569^a
2 (n = 40)	21 (55.3)	19 (50.0)
3 (n = 35)	17 (44.7)	18 (47.4)

Data are presented in n (%) unless otherwise specified
LHP laser haemorrhoidoplasty, HAL haemorrhoidal artery ligation, N/A not applicable
^aChi-square test (χ²)
^bStudent T−test; a p value <0.05 denotes a statistically significant result

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