Table 2 The frequency of clinical presentation and the results of laboratory and radiological examinations of patients with colon or rectum carcinoma before surgery

GI symptoms

 Change in bowel habit

137 (26%)

167 (60%)

304 (38%)

<0.001^†

 Constipation

212 (40%)

119 (42%)

331 (41%)

0.44^†

 Diarrhea

97 (18%)

27 (10%)

124 (15%)

0.001^†

 Bloody stool

68 (70%)

16 (59%)

84 (68%)

0.30^†

 Non-bloody stool

29 (30%)

11 (41%)

40 (32%)

0.27^†

 Anorexia

46 (9%)

42 (15%)

88 (11%)

0.005^†

Rectal bleeding

418 (79%)

118 (42%)

536 (66%)

<0.001^†

Lab. findings

 Hemoglobin (g/dL), Mean±SD

12.36±1.86

11.36±2.41

12.03±2.12

<0.001^*

 Alkaline Phosphatase (IU/L), Mean±SD

221.98±98.34

225.14±116.61

222.41±104.79

0.68^*

 Serum protein (g/dL), Mean±SD

4.2±3.5

3.6±3.5

4±3.5

0.02^*

 Serum albumin (g/dL), Mean±SD

2.5±2

2.2±2

2.4±2

0.04^*

 Carcinoembrionic antigen (ug/L), Mean±SD

1.68±7.52

2.7±13.65

2.06±10.07

0.20*

Blood Groups

 A+

90 (18.9%)

30 (6.3%)

120 (25%)

 A−

8 (1.7%)

2 (0.4%)

10 (2.1%)

 AB+

12 (2.5%)

10 (2.1%)

22 (4.6%)

 AB−

1 (0.2%)

0 (0%)

1 (0.2%)

0.19^†

 B+

69 (14.5%)

33 (6.9%)

102 (21.4%)

 B−

5 (1%)

1 (0.2%)

6 (1.2%)

 O+

130 (27.3%)

71 (15%)

201 (42.3%)

 O−

7 (1.5%)

6 (1.3%)

13 (2.8%)

CT Scan

 Normal CT scan results

45(8%)

13(5%)

58(13%)

0.04^†

 Abnormal CT scan results

250(47%)

134(48%)

384(87%)

Findings during colonoscopy

 Hemorrhoid during colonoscopy

36 (7%)

19 (7%)

55 (7%)

 Polyp during colonoscopy

54 (10%)

32 (12%)

86 (10%)

0.07^†

 Luminal obstruction due to the tumor

57 (11%)

44 (16%)

101 (12%)

Staging

 No residual

31 (6.1%)

7 (2.7%)

38 (4.9%)

 Stage I

129 (25.3%)

47 (17.8%)

176 (22.8%)

 Stage II

142 (27.9%)

87 (33.0%)

229 (29.6%)

<0.001^†

 Stage III

118 (23.2%)

91 (34.5%)

209 (27.0%)

 Stage IV

18 (3.5%)

18 (6.8%)

36 (4.7%)