Inappropriate manipulation and drainage exacerbate post-operative pain and prolong the hospital stay after laparoscopic appendectomy for pediatric complicated appendicitis

Table 2 Post-operative results and outcome, according to univariate analysis

Group	Non-drain (N = 86)	Penrose drain (N = 19)	JP drain (N = 16)	p value^†
Post-operative LOS (days)	5.22 ± 1.25	6.26 ± 1.67	4.5 ± 1.70	< 0.001*
VAS on POD1	4.1 ± 1.25	3.1 ± 1.50	2.3 ± 0.60	< 0.001*
VAS on POD3	2.1 ± 0.76	2.1 ± 0.54	1.9 ± 0.50	0.243
Days until full diet achieved (days)	3.6 ± 1.44	4.1 ± 1.56	2.6 ± 0.89	0.007*
Prolonged oral antibiotics	11 (12.79)	2 (10.53)	3 (18.75)	0.700
Post-operative abscess, n (%)	5 (5.81)	4 (21.05)	0 (0)	0.056
IV antibiotics	3 (3.49)	3 (15.79)	0 (0)	0.098
Drainage	2 (2.33)	1 (5.26)	0 (0)	0.645
Ileus, n (%)	5 (5.81)	1 (5.26)	1 (6.25)	0.598
Wound infection, n (%)	1 (1.16)	1 (5.26)	0 (0)	0.497

Days until full diet achieved = post-operative days until full diet achieved
Prolong oral antibiotics = oral antibiotics for 1 week after first visit of out-patient department
IV antibiotics = readmission for intravenous form antibiotics for about 5 to 7 days
Drainage = post-operative abscess that need drainage and re-admission for intravenous form antibiotics
LOS length of hospital stay, VAS visual analog scale, POD post-operative day
*p value < 0.05 indicate statistical significance among three group
^†Comparison among JP drain group, Penrose drain group, and non-drain group

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