Table 1 Demographic and perioperative data
From: Active smokers show ameliorated delayed gastric emptying after pancreatoduodenectomy
Smokers | Non-smokers | P | |
|---|---|---|---|
n = 88 | n = 186 | ||
Age (a) | 61 (51.3–67) | 69 (62–75) | ≤ 0.001 |
Gender female | 24 (27%) | 85 (46%) | 0.004 |
BMI | 25.3 (22–27.8) | 24.9 (22.7–2.7) | 0.569 |
Diagnosis | |||
Malignant | 58 (66%) | 147 (79%) | 0.019 |
Weight loss | 54 (61%) | 95 (51%) | 0.131 |
Alcohol abuse | 42 (48%) | 42 (23%) | ≤ 0.001 |
Diabetes mellitus | |||
Preoperative | 27 (31%) | 51 (27%) | 0.576 |
Postoperative | 38 (43%) | 66 (35%) | 0.220 |
Pulmonary preexisting conditions | 17 (19%) | 15 (8%) | 0.002 |
Preoperative biliary drainage | 43 (49%) | 98 (53%) | 0.554 |
Cholangitis | 19 (22%) | 41 (22%) | 0.933 |
Charlson comorbidity index | 2 (0–3) | 2 (1–3) | 0.394 |
Duration of operation (min) | 431 (330.5–495) | 393.5 (333.8–471.8) | 0.337 |
Transfusions (red blood cells) | 0 (0–2) | 0 (0–2) | 0.501 |
Blood loss (ml) | 800 (500–1237.5) | 600 (400–1000) | 0.039 |
Venous resection | 10 (11%) | 33 (18%) | 0.170 |
Multivisceral resection | 6 (7%) | 12 (6%) | 0.909 |
Single loop reconstruction | 61 (69%) | 135 (73%) | 0.486 |
Infracolic reconstruction | 14 (16%) | 45 (24%) | 0.145 |
Retrocolic duodenoenterostomy | 75 (85%) | 164 (87%) | 0.356 |
Pylorus-preserving procedure | 60 (68%) | 139 (74%) | 0.256 |
Stay in hospital (d) | 20 (14–28) | 21 (15.8–28) | 0.174 |
Stay in intensive care unit (d) | 2 (1–4) | 2 (1–4) | 0.677 |
Stay in intensive care unit with respirator (d) | 0 (0–1) | 0 (0–1) | 0.586 |