Table 1 Clinicopathological characteristics between NOSES and laparoscopy-assisted surgery (Mini-Lapa)
Factors | NOSES | Mini-Lapa | P value | ||
|---|---|---|---|---|---|
Mean (n) | SD (%) | Mean (n) | SD (%) | ||
Gender (F/M, n/%) | 34/39 | 46.6/53.4 | 6/32 | 15.8/84.2 | 0.001 |
Age (mean ± SD, year) | 60.3 | 11.8 | 64.8 | 10.3 | 0.050 |
BMI (< / ≥ 25) | 59/14 | 80.8/19.2 | 29/9 | 76.3/23.7 | 0.578 |
CEA (−/ +) | 63/10 | 86.3/13.7 | 20/18 | 52.6/47.4 |  < 0.001 |
CA19-9 (−/ +) | 66/7 | 90.4/9.6 | 27/11 | 71.1/28.9 | 0.009 |
Tumor location (mean ± sd, cm) | 9.3 | 3.5 | 10.3 | 2.8 | 0.130 |
MTD (mean ± sd, mm) | 14.3 | 6.7 | 17.1 | 9.5 | 0.072 |
RD (mean ± sd, mm) | 27.3 | 6.8 | 31.3 | 10.4 | 0.068 |
MRL (< / ≥ 13.4) | 35/38 | 47.9/52.1 | 7/31 | 18.4/81.6 | 0.002 |
ROD (< / ≥ 1.8) | 62/11 | 84.9/15.1 | 17/21 | 44.7/55.3 |  < 0.001 |
ROA (< / ≥ 2.1) | 60/13 | 82.2/17.8 | 14/24 | 36.8/63.2 |  < 0.001 |
Differentiation (G1 + G2/G3 + G4) | 58/15 | 79.5/20.5 | 28/10 | 73.7/26.3 | 0.490 |
Neural invasion (−/ +) | 61/12 | 83.6/16.4 | 27/11 | 71.1/28.9 | 0.123 |
Vascular invasion (−/ +) | 54/19 | 74.0/26.0 | 31/7 | 81.6/18.4 | 0.369 |
Lymphatic invasion (−/ +) | 53/20 | 72.6/27.4 | 21/17 | 55.3/44.7 | 0.066 |
LNC (mean ± SD) | 13.8 | 4.6 | 15.6 | 5.0 | 0.051 |
PLNC (mean ± SD) | 1.7 | 3.2 | 1.8 | 3.1 | 0.871 |
T stage (T1/2/3/4) | 11/17/34/11 | 15.1/23.3/46.6/15.1 | 2/9/22/5 | 5.3/23.7/57.9/13.2 | 0.432 |
N stage (N0/1/2) | 44/15/14 | 60.3/20.5/19.2 | 21/11/6 | 55.3/28.9/15.8 | 0.601 |
M stage (M0/1) | 69/4 | 94.5/5.5 | 34/4 | 89.5/10.5 | 0.329 |
TNM stage (Stage I/II/III/IV) | 21/21/27/4 | 28.8/28.8/37.0/5.5 | 7/14/13/4 | 18.4/36.8/34.2/10.5 | 0.473 |