Fig. 1
From: Risk factors for developing high-output ileostomy in CRC patients: a retrospective study
(Adapted from Baker et al. [7], Franklin Adaba et al. [17])
Management protocol and outcome of HOS patients. STAGE I: exclude potential causes. STAGE II: Initial management—reduce fluid and electrolyte losses. STAGE III: Ongoing HOS—optimise treatment with anti-secretory (somatostatin)/diarrheal (loperamide) medication. STAGE IV: Evaluate efficacy of additional treatment if HOS continues