Is prophylactic lateral lymph node dissection needed for lower rectal cancer? A single-center retrospective study

BMC Surgery

Table 2 Cox regression analysis of patient characteristics

Characteristic	Relapse-free survival			Overall survival
Characteristic	HR	95% CI	p value	HR	95% CI	p value
Male vs. female	0.561	0.323–0.973	0.04	0.474	0.243–0.927	0.03
Age (years)	0.992	0.971–1.013	0.44	1.036	1.008–1.065	0.01
CEA level (> 5.0 vs. ≤ 5.0 ng/mL)	0.485	0.309–0.762	0.002	0.420	0.249–0.709	0.001
Surgery (laparoscopy vs. open)	1.331	0.695–2.549	0.39	2.080	1.119–3.866	0.02
LLND (yes vs. no)	1.072	0.464–2.476	0.87	2.121	0.898–5.013	0.09
Anastomotic leakage (yes vs. no)	1.055	0.530–2.098	0.88	1.191	0.518–2.740	0.68
Histopathology (well/moderate vs. other)	0.846	0.385–1.861	0.68	0.470	0.185–1.191	0.11
Depth (pT3–4 vs. pT1–2)	0.681	0.380–1.220	0.20	0.557	0.276–1.124	0.10
pStage (3 vs. 1–2)	0.266	0.140–0.505	< 0.001	0.32	0.169–0.590	< 0.001
Adjuvant chemotherapy (yes vs. no)	1.219	0.668–2.227	0.52	2.23	1.167–4.272	0.02

CEA carcinoembryonic antigen, CI confidence interval, HR hazard ratio, LLND lateral lymph node dissection

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