The association of acute hypercarbia and plasma potassium concentration during laparoscopic surgery: a retrospective observational study

Table 2 Comparisons of pH, partial pressure of arterial carbon dioxide (PaCO₂) and plasma potassium concentrations [K⁺]_p between baseline and end of surgery

Variable	Baseline	End of surgery	Paired differences	P value	Cohen’s d
pH	7.401 ± 0.053	7.34 ± 0.069	− 0.061 (− 0.068 to − 0.054)	< 0.001*	0.99
PaCO₂ (mmHg)	41.44 ± 5.84	46.61 ± 8.83	5.18 (4.27 to 6.09)	< 0.001*	1.26
[K⁺]_p (mmol/L)	3.911 ± 0.416	4.162 ± 0.591	0.251 (0.197 to 0.305)	< 0.001*	0.03
Bicarbonate (mmol/L)	24.96 ± 3.58	23.90 ± 3.61	1.06 (0.54 to 1.58)	< 0.001*	0.19
Standard base excess (mmol/L)	0.87 ± 2.97	− 0.93 ± 2.74	1.80 (1.44 to 2.16)	< 0.001*	0.24

Paired differences were presented with 95% confidence intervals. The effect size is presented with Cohen’s d.
* Indicates P < 0.05 with paired t-test

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