Pre-operative | 1 Month | 3 Months | 6 Months | 1 Year | |
---|---|---|---|---|---|
Weight (Kg) | |||||
Pre-diabetes | 107.8 ± 22.6 | 95.3 ± 14.3c,d,* | 87.8 ± 16.7b.c,d,* | 73.6 ± 7.26* | 74.2 ± 6.61d,* |
Diabetes | 111.3 ± 23.0 | 94.3 ± 15.96 | 85.16 ± 32.3 | 71.96 ± 9.59 | 78.2 ± 11.76 |
Non-diabetes | 99.8 ± 19.8 | 84.9 ± 15.01 | 80.13 ± 15.3 | 73.85 ± 18.69 | 67.33 ± 10.84 |
BMI | |||||
Pre-diabetes | 37.5 ± 5.2 | 33.6 ± 4.3c,* | 30.9 ± 5.02* | 25.9 ± 2.48* | 26.1 ± 2.53c,d,* |
Diabetes | 36.9 ± 4.01 | 33.5 ± 4.13 | 27.89 ± 3.99 | 24.46 ± 2.59 | 25.59 ± 3.33 |
Non-diabetes | 36.2 ± 4.82 | 31.31 ± 4.15 | 29.21 ± 4.323 | 25.74 ± 3.76 | 25.34 ± 3.55 |
HbA1c (%) | |||||
Pre-diabetes | 6.2 ± 0.79a,c | 5.7 ± 0.4a,c,d,* | 5.3 ± 0.3b,c,d,* | 5.2 ± 0.53d,* | 5.3 ± 0.2d,* |
Diabetes | 7.2 ± 1.14 | 6.4 ± 0.56 | 5.3 ± 0.4 | 4.9 ± 0.4 | 5.08 ± 0.3 |
Non-diabetes | 5.39 ± 0.35 | 5.2 ± 0.3 | 5.02 ± 0.3 | 5.09 ± 0.27 | 5.09 ± 0.23 |
Insulin (pmol/L) | |||||
Pre-diabetes | 26.5 ± 12.5c | 13.9 ± 10.5* | 10.7 ± 5.97c,d,* | 7.3 ± 2.92a,* | 5.7 ± 3.1b,d,* |
Diabetes | 23.8 ± 7.9 | 17.9 ± 10.99 | 12.05 ± 6.9 | 7.42 ± 5.03 | 6.75 ± 3.34 |
Non-diabetes | 19.9 ± 12.3 | 9.3 ± 5.7 | 7.58 ± 4.07 | 11.39 ± 19.6 | 5.8 ± 3.11 |
C-peptide (ug/L) | |||||
Pre-diabetes | 3.8 ± 1.08c | 2.7 ± 1.14b,* | 2.5 ± 0.91* | 2.4 ± 0.85* | 1.7 ± 0.49d,* |
Diabetes | 4.39 ± 2.74 | 4.08 ± 1.68 | 2.75 ± 0.98 | 2.3 ± 0.99 | 1.97 ± 0.67 |
Non-diabetes | 3.25 ± 1.31 | 2.44 ± 1.07 | 2.17 ± 0.82 | 2.4 ± 2.5 | 1.6 ± 0.6 |
Glucose (mmol/l) | |||||
Pre-diabetes | 5.9 ± 1.03a,c | 5.12 ± 0.66a,d,* | 5.1 ± 0.71b,c,d,* | 5.1 ± 1.08d,* | 4.9 ± 0.37b,d,* |
Diabetes | 8.3 ± 2.67 | 6.2 ± 1.26 | 5.52 ± 0.81 | 5.3 ± 0.36 | 4.7 ± 0.46 |
Non-diabetes | 5.08 ± 0.53 | 4.96 ± 0.51 | 4.9 ± 0.47 | 4.9 ± 0.51 | 4.74 ± 0.39 |
TBA (umol/L) | |||||
Pre-diabetes | 4.3 ± 4.07 | 3.08 ± 2.37 | 2.3 ± 1.56 | 2.04 ± 0.87a,b,* | 1.93 ± 0.65* |
Diabetes | 3.77 ± 2.2 | 2.6 ± 1.11 | 2.8 ± 1.57 | 4.33 ± 1.71 | 3.74 ± 3.0 |
Non-diabetes | 4.06 ± 4.69 | 3.47 ± 3.43 | 2.57 ± 2.79 | 4.36 ± 7.28 | 2.64 ± 1.79 |
CHOL (mmol/L) | |||||
Pre-diabetes | 5.1 ± 0.99 | 4.48 ± 0.9 | 4.7 ± 0.67 | 5.2 ± 0.76 | 5.06 ± 0.72 |
Diabetes | 5.2 ± 1.47 | 4.62 ± 0.39 | 4.83 ± 0.84 | 4.9 ± 0.7 | 4.71 ± 0.77 |
Non-diabetes | 4.9 ± 0.89 | 4.37 ± 0.83 | 4.84 ± 0.87 | 4.9 ± 0.99 | 4.87 ± 0.81 |
TG (mmol/L) | |||||
Pre-diabetes | 2.3 ± 2.21 | 1.31 ± 0.41* | 1.27 ± 0.35* | 1.12 ± 0.25c,* | 0.75 ± 0.19* |
Diabetes | 2.23 ± 1.06 | 1.8 ± 1.05 | 1.11 ± 0.29 | 1.17 ± 0.65 | 0.83 ± 0.19 |
Non-diabetes | 1.71 ± 0.91 | 1.2 ± 0.42 | 1.11 ± 0.41 | 0.86 ± 0.23 | 0.86 ± 0.36 |
LDL (mmol/L) | |||||
Pre-diabetes | 3.2 ± 0.68 | 2.75 ± 0.78 | 3.06 ± 0.56 | 3.4 ± 0.58c | 2.82 ± 0.43 |
Diabetes | 3.5 ± 0.97 | 3.1 ± 0.34 | 3.04 ± 0.57 | 2.92 ± 0.76 | 2.7 ± 0.53 |
Non-diabetes | 3.02 ± 0.74 | 2.73 ± 0.64 | 3.0 ± 0.69 | 2.93 ± 0.71 | 2.78 ± 0.51 |
HDL (mmol/L) | |||||
Pre-diabetes | 0.99 ± 0.22c | 1.05 ± 0.8 | 1.0 ± 0.22 | 1.18 ± 0.21* | 1.38 ± 0.17* |
Diabetes | 1.0 ± 0.16 | 0.87 ± 0.18 | 1.09 ± 0.28 | 1.16 ± 0.3 | 1.27 ± 0.27 |
Non-diabetes | 1.1 ± 0.29 | 0.97 ± 0.18 | 1.09 ± 0.21 | 1.27 ± 0.24 | 1.39 ± 0.25 |
ALT (U/L) | |||||
Pre-diabetes | 69.2 ± 41.2c | 48.6 ± 23.2c | 26.2 ± 13.59c,d,* | 15.3 ± 6.67d,* | 12.86 ± 5.13* |
Diabetes | 74.4 ± 47.2 | 55.87 ± 32.64 | 31.21 ± 18.09 | 21.2 ± 11.76 | 18.9 ± 9.43 |
Non-diabetes | 41.7 ± 40.89 | 34.1 ± 26.43 | 18.23 ± 11.56 | 18.77 ± 15.73 | 14.69 ± 5.31 |
AST (U/L) | |||||
Pre-diabetes | 40.0 ± 22.7c | 38.6 ± 17.96c | 21.9 ± 8.52d,* | 18.02 ± 9.62d,* | 17.9 ± 4.06* |
Diabetes | 45.1 ± 26.8 | 38.9 ± 19.8 | 25.28 ± 9.19 | 18.8 ± 8.55 | 18.1 ± 5.51 |
Non-diabetes | 26.8 ± 18.59 | 26.9 ± 12.45 | 20.51 ± 16.24 | 18.63 ± 12.23 | 16.94 ± 3.68 |