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Table 2 Preoperative patients characteristics, surgical procedures, and histopathological results in association overweight, and obesity

From: Influence of diabetes on short-term outcome after major hepatectomy: an underestimated risk?

 

Study population

Normal weight

Overweight

Obesity

 

n/N (%) or mean ± standard deviation

n (%)

n (%)

p†

n (%)

p†

Total

417/417 (100)

204 (49.3)

147 (35.5)

 

48 (11.6)

 

Pre-operative patient characteristics

    

Diabetes mellitus

59/417 (14.1)

22 (10.8)

27 (18.4)

0.06

7 (14.6)

0.62

Age (years), n = 417

59.1 ± 13.4

     

 Age ≥ 60 years

226/417 (54.2)

105 (51.5)

90 (61.2)

0.09

23 (47.9)

0.78

Male gender

232/417 (55.6)

108 (52.9)

95 (64.6)

0.04

26 (54.2)

1

ASA classification, n = 410

2.4 ± 0.6

     

 ASA III classification or more

192/410 (46.8)

84 (41.8)

72 (50.3)

0.14

27 (56.3)

0.1

Pre-existing disease

     

 Arterial hypertension

184/417 (44.1)

67 (32.8)

78 (53.1)

0.0002

33 (68.8)

 < 0.0001

 Cardiac failure

7/417 (1.7)

1 (0.5)

2 (1.4)

0.57

4 (8.3)

0.01

 Chronic renal failure

16/417 (3.8)

4 (2)

9 (6.1)

0.08

2 (4.2)

0.32

 Lung disease

33/417 (7.9)

13 (6.4)

12 (8.2)

0.66

4 (8.3)

0.54

 Hepatitis B or C

18/417 (4.3)

8 (3.9)

6 (4.1)

1

3 (6.3)

0.44

 Esophageal varices

4/417 (1)

3 (1.5)

1 (0.7)

0.64

0 (0)

1

Regular alcohol consumption

28/417 (6.7)

11 (5.4)

10 (6.8)

0.75

5 (10.4)

0.2

Nicotine abuse

69/417 (16.5)

30 (14.7)

25 (17)

0.66

6 (12.5)

0.87

Pre-operative treatment

     

 Chemotherapy

106/417 (25.4)

52 (25.5)

36 (24.5)

0.93

11 (22.9)

0.85

 Chemoembolization

11/417 (2.6)

7 (3.4)

3 (2)

0.53

1 (2.1)

1

 Portal vein embolization

12/417 (2.9)

10 (4.9)

2 (1.4)

0.13

0 (0)

0.22

Laboratory values

      

 INR > 1.2

11/416 (2.6)

7 (3.4)

3 (2)

0.53

0 (0)

0.35

 Total bilirubin > 1 mg/dl

80/411 (19.5)

43 (21.3)

28 (19.3)

0.75

6 (12.8)

0.26

Characteristics of surgery

     

Extent of surgery

      

 Right hemihepatectomy

226/417 (54.2)

110 (53.9)

77 (52.4)

0.86

25 (52.1)

0.95

 Left hemihepatectomy

90/417 (21.6)

43 (21.1)

34 (23.1)

0.74

12 (25)

0.69

 Right trisectionectomy

56/417 (13.4)

31 (15.2)

17 (11.6)

0.41

6 (12.5)

0.8

 Left trisectionectomy

27/417 (6.5)

13 (6.4)

10 (6.8)

1

4 (8.3)

0.54

 Segment resection*

18/417 (4.3)

7 (3.4)

9 (6.1)

0.35

1 (2.1)

1

Adrenalectomy

 

5 (2.5)

3 (2)

1

4 (8.3)

0.07

Biliodigestive anastomosis

 

55 (27)

41 (27.9)

0.94

8 (16.7)

0.19

Resection device / technique

      

 Stapler

 

142 (72.1)

108 (74.5)

0.71

35 (76.1)

0.71

 Ligasure

 

20 (10.2)

10 (6.9)

0.39

2 (4.3)

0.27

 Clamp-crushing technique

 

14 (7.1)

15 (10.3)

0.39

6 (13)

0.23

 CUSA

 

17 (8.6)

10 (6.9)

0.71

3 (6.5)

0.77

 Others

 

4 (2)

2 (1.4)

1

0 (0)

1

Pringle maneuver

 

41 (20.5)

30 (20.5)

1

11 (23.4)

0.81

Operative time (min), n = 410

      

Blood loss ≥ 1000 ml, n = 409

 

74 (37)

59 (41.3)

0.49

11 (22.9)

0.09

Transfusion of pRBC

 

70 (34.3)

57 (38.8)

0.46

15 (31.3)

0.81

Characteristics of histopathology

     

Non-malignant indication

 

27 (13.2)

19 (12.9)

–

5 (10.4)

–

 Living liver donation

 

5 (2.5)

3 (2)

1

0 (0)

0.59

Malignant indication

 

177 (86.8)

128 (87.1)

1

43 (89.6)

0.77

 Colorectal liver metastasis

 

53 (26)

46 (31.3)

0.33

18 (37.5)

0.16

 Other liver metastases

 

33 (16.2)

18 (12.2)

0.38

3 (6.3)

0.12

 Cholangiocarcinoma

 

65 (31.9)

51 (34.7)

0.66

18 (37.5)

0.56

 Hepatocellular carcinoma

 

22 (10.8)

10 (6.8)

0.28

3 (6.3)

0.43

 Other malignant tumor

 

4 (2)

3 (2)

1

1 (2.1)

1

Tumor diameter > 2.5 cm

 

129 (71.7)

92 (71.3)

1

37 (78.7)

0.43

Liver cirrhosis

 

8 (3.9)

4 (2.7)

0.75

3 (6.3)

0.44

Liver steatosis ≥ 5%

 

55 (27)

62 (42.2)

0.004

35 (72.9)

 < 0.0001

  1. Bold values represent statistically significant results (p-values < 0.05)
  2. †Normal weight was used as reference for overweight and obesity. Underweight is not shown due to the low number of patients (n = 15). ASA American Society of Anesthesiologists, INR International normalized ratio, CUSA Cavitron Ultrasonic Surgical Aspirator, pRBC packed red blood cells. Binary variables are given as frequency (proportion) in all columns except for the column 'Study population' where the number of patients without missing data for this variable is given additionally. Continuous variables are given as mean ± standard deviation
  3. *≥3 segments not classified by formal terms such as hemihepatectomy or trisectionectomy
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