Table 1 Hemodynamic and respiratory variables in anesthetized pigs subjected to Zone I resuscitative endovascular balloon occlusion of the aorta for 15 (REBOA15), 30 (REBOA30), 60 min (REBOA60) and control conditions (no occlusion) and reperfusion for 3 h (n = 6 per group)

106 (91–121)

102 (85–120)^bcd

103 (86–120)^bcd

102 (83–122)^b

99 (80–117)

96 (78–114)

120 (78–162)

209 (185–232)^a

169 (156–181)^a

152 (119–185)^a

131 (93–170)

128 (98–159)

110 (90–129)

213 (196–230)^a

171 (145–198)^a

139 (109–170)

126 (97–155)

129 (110–149)

122 (65–179)

190 (168–212)^a

157 (125–189)^a

133 (100–166)

136 (101–172)

140 (100–181)

102 (97–106)

96 (84–107)^bcd

98 (89–106)

95 (83–107)

91 (80–102)

88 (76–99)

94 (79–110)

194 (136–252)^ad

106 (91–121)

92 (77–106)

95 (82–109)

94 (82–105)

97 (80–114)

170 (140–200)^a

108 (85–131)^d

84 (75–94)

86 (77–95)

89 (69–108)

96 (91–101)

146 (128–164)^ab

80 (65–95)^c

81 (75–88)

85 (81–89)

91 (78–104)

4.9 (3.7–6.1)

4.6 (3.6–5.6)^bc

4.5 (3.5–5.6)

4.4 (3.4–5.3)

4.3 (3.5–5.1)

4.3 (3.4–5.1)

4.9 (3.8–6.1)

6.1 (5.4–6.8)^ad

5.8 (4.4–7.1)^d

4.8 (3.7–5.9)

4.7 (3.5–5.8)

4.5 (3.6–5.4)

4.7 (3.7–5.6)

6.1 (5.5–6.8)^ad

5.4 (4.7–6.1)^d

4.5 (3.6–5.4)

4.1 (3.4–4.8)

4.3 (3.5–5.0)

4.1 (3.2–4.9)

4.2 (3.8–4.7)^bc

3.8 (2.7–4.9)^bc

3.7 (3.0–4.3)

3.4 (2.9–4.0)

3.3 (2.6–3.9)

797 (605–990)

771 (614–928)^bcd

755 (617–893)

734 (581–886)

709 (530–887)

704 (515–894)

747 (479–1015)

35 (18–52)^a

910 (654–1165)

873 (565–1180)

830 (439–1220)

784 (451–1117)

731 (434–1027)

17 (9–24)^a

915 (691–1138)

772 (528–1016)

733 (520–946)

687 (467–907)

642 (458–826)

21 (10–33) ^a

617 (305–929)

723 (479–967)

633 (487–780)

572 (408–736)

266 (147–386)

228 (116–341)^bcd

225 (105–345)

212 (110–313)

207 (116–297)

199 (111–286)

287 (203–371)

14 (1–26)^a

242 (97–387)

234 (110–358)

204 (94–315)

199 (95–303)

347 (181–513)

19 (2–35)^a

328 (172–483)

280 (175–384)

256 (180–333)

243 (168–317)

289 (178–400)

15 (−4–34)^a

221 (55–386)

176 (79–272)

149 (39–259)

169 (47–291)

5.0 (4.7–5.3)

4.7 (4.2–5.1)^bcd

4.6 (4.3–4.9) ^c

4.6 (4.3–4.9)

4.6 (4.1–5.0)

4.4 (4.0–4.7)

4.9 (4.6–5.1)

3.5 (3.2–3.8)^a

5.0 (4.7–5.2)^b

4.9 (4.6–5.3)

4.9 (4.8–5.0)

4.6 (4.2–4.9)

4.9 (4.5–5.3)

3.4 (3.0–3.8)^a

5.8 (5.2–6.5)^abd

5.1 (4.5–5.7)

4.7 (4.4–5.0)

4.7 (4.3–5.1)

4.7 (4.5–4.9)

2.9 (2.3–3.6)^a

4.8 (3.8–5.7)^c

4.6 (3.8–5.4)

4.6 (4.0–5.1)

4.5 (3.4–5.5)

26 (23–29)

26 (23–29)

28 (25–30)

28 (25–30)

28 (25–30)

28 (26–30)

25 (23–27)

26 (24–28)

27 (23–31)

27 (24–31)

28 (23–32)

27 (23–31)

26 (22–29)

26 (23–29)

26 (22–29)

26 (22–29)

28 (22–33)

28 (23–34)

29 (23–35)

29 (21–36)

29 (22–36)

30 (24–36)

29 (25–33)

29 (24–33)

64 (57–71)

61 (53–69)^d

64 (58–69)

64 (58–71)

67 (63–72)

66 (63–70)

64 (56–72)

71 (63–79)

64 (54–75)

66 (60–71)

65 (54–76)

68 (57–79)

66 (61–71)

73 (66–79)

57 (49–65)

60 (55–65)

68 (62–75)

67 (61–73)

71 (60–81)

73 (64–83)^a

64 (53–75)

69 (59–80)

69 (62–76)

67 (58–76)

41 (26–56)

36 (18–53)^bcd

37 (27–46)

35 (23–47)

36 (27–46)

3.6 (1.0–6.3)^a

38 (25–52)

29 (10–48)

29 (13–44)

1.7 (1.0–2.4)^a

35 (2.5–67)

31 (5.7–56)

28 (17–40)

2.0 (1.0–2.9)^a

24 (10–38)

23 (17–29)