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Table 3 Grouping of patients into difficulty levels and outcomes

From: The external validation of a difficulty scoring system for predicting the risk of intraoperative complications during laparoscopic liver resection

 

Overall

N (%)

Low

(0–2)

Moderate

(3–5)

High

(6–9)

Extremely high

(10–15)

P-valuea

Number of patients

128

36

(28.1%)

63

(49.2%)

27

(21.1%)

2

(1.6%)

/

Intraoperative complication [26]

23

(17.9%)

0

(0%)

6

(9.5%)

15

(55.5%)

2

(100%)

< 0.001

Transfusion required

17

(13.2%)

1

(2.7%)

11

(17.5%)

4

(14.8%)

1

(50.0%)

0.042

Operative time (min)*

155

(25–360)

120

(45–240)

150

(25–360)

210

(120–350)

310

(260–360)

< 0.001

Hepatic pedicle clamping

30

(23.4%)

2

(5.6%)

19

(30.2%)

9

(33.3%)

0

(0.0%)

0.009

Total hepatic pedicle clamping (min)*

30

(10–75)

37.5

(35–40)

30

(10–75)

40

(10–60)

0

(0–0)

0.033

Postoperative morbidity (Clavien-Dindo 3a ≤ 4b) [32]

12

(9.3%)

1

(2.7%)

4

(6.3%)

6

(22.2%)

1

(50.0%)

0.028

  1. *Continuous variables are reported as median (range); ANOVA test. aP-values were calculated by chi-square test or ANOVA, in both cases without considering the extremely high-risk group
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