Table 1 Baseline characteristics

 Age (years)^a

72 (46–101)

 Sex, male/female, n (%)

25 (39.0) / 39 (60.9)

 BMI (kg/m²)^a

21.2 (13.5–36.0)

 Comorbidities, n (%)

47 (73.4)

 Hypertension

33 (51.5)

 Heart disease

24 (37.5)

 Diabetes mellitus

10 (15.6)

 Cerebrovascular disease

10 (15.6)

 Renal disease

9 (14.0)

 Lung disease

6 (9.3)

 Collagen disease

5 (7.8)

 Mental disease

3 (4.6)

 White blood cells (/μl)^a

8000 (900–509,000)

 C-reactive protein (mg/dl)^a

4.8 (0.01–40.9)

 Platelet (×10⁴/μl)^a

21.7 (3.9–75.4)

 Albumin (mg/dl)^a

2.9 (1.6–4.7)

 APACHE II score^a

11 (2–22)

 SOFA score^a

4 (0–14)

 Interval from onset to surgery (h)^a

10 (2–200)

  Diverticulosis

26 (40.6)

  Iatrogenic

13 (20.3)

  Cancer

12 (18.7)

  Fecal impaction

8 (12.5)

  Ischemic

5 (7.8)

 Sigmoid

36 (56.2)

 Rectum

10 (15.6)

 Descending

8 (12.5)

 Ascending

6 (9.3)

 Transverse

2 (3.1)

 Cecum

2 (3.1)

 Hartmann operation

33 (51.5)

 Colostomy

10 (15.6)

 Resection with ileostomy

6 (9.3)

 Resection with colostomy

5 (7.8)

 Simple closure with colostomy

5 (7.8)

 Resection

3 (4.6)

 Simple closure with ileostomy

2 (3.1)

 Operative time (min)^a

148 (30–336)

 Blood loss (ml)^a

244 (5–4100)

 Transfusion (%), n (%)

24 (37.5)

 PMI (cm²/m²)

3.60 (1.42–7.02)

 Male/Female

4.44 (1.59–6.81) / 3.09 (1.42–7.02)

 SATI (cm²/m²)

32.72 (0.01–136.09)

 Male/Female

22.48 (0.34–105.37) / 47.27 (0.01–136.09)

 VATI (cm²/m²)

22.64 (0.53–112.77)

 Male/Female

21.95 (1.83–98.06) / 23.33 (0.53–112.77)

 VSR

0.73 (0.14–5.04)

 Male/Female

0.75 (0.32–7.31) / 0.59 (0.14–5.04)

 PMA (HU)

37.78 (−22.92–66.76)

 Male/Female

44.30 (18.90–66.76) / 34.41 (−22.92–58.52)