Transabdominal Preperitoneal (TAPP) versus Lichtenstein operation for primary inguinal hernia repair – A systematic review and meta-analysis of randomized controlled trials

Table 1 Characteristics of included trials and patients

Author	Abbas et al. [12]	Anadol et al. [13]	Hamza et al. [14]	Heikkinen et al. [15]	Köninger et al. [16, 17]/ Butters et al. [18]	Picchio et al. [19]	Pokorny et al. [20]	Salma et al. [21]
Year	2012	2004	2010	1998	1998	1999	2008	2015
Country	Egypt	Turkey	Egypt	Finland	Germany	Latvia	Austria	Pakistan
Multicenter	no	no	no	no	no	no	yes	no
Period	May 2008-Sept 2011	N/A	N/A	Dec 1994-Jun 1995	Jul 1995-Jun 1996	Nov 1996-Dec 1997	1998–2002	Jan 2009 - Dec 2009
Other repair techniques	no	no	pre-peritoneal, TEP	no	Shouldice	no	Shouldice, Bassini, TEP	no
Number of patients
Lichtenstein	97	25	25	20	93	52	69	30
TAPP	88	25	25	18	94	52	93	30
Age^a, year, ±SD/ (range)
Lichtenstein	34.6 ± 11.2	41.2 ± 10.9	35.12 ± 10.11	55.5^b (26–69)	53^b (26–74)	55.2 ± 12.4	52 (19–84)	N/A
TAPP	35.9 ± 12.104	41.8 ± 10.8	36.73 ± 12.06	51.0^b (34–68)	53^b (30–74)	57.7 ± 11.0	49 (21–78)	N/A
Gender (m/f)
Lichtenstein	94/3	25/0	25/0	20/0	93/0	40/12	64/5	30/0
TAPP	86/2	25/0	25/0	17/1	94/0	37/15	86/7	30/0
Anesthesia	both: GA + LA	both: GA	N/A	open: LA, laparoscopic: GA	both: GA	open: LA, laparoscopic: GA	both: GA	N/A
F/U^a, months (range)	17.9^b (8–30)	13.5 (8–28)	up to 24 weeks	17^b	52^b (46–60) [16, 17]	1	up to 36	36.9 h
Jadad-Score	3	3	3	2	3	2	2	2

^aAll values are mean, except ^b median; [16,17,18] subsequent and supplementing publications; N/A not available, TEP Totally extraperitoneal endoscopic inguinal hernia repair, SD standard deviation, m male, f female, LA local anesthesia, RA regional anesthesia, GA general anesthesia, F/U Follow-up

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