Table 1 Patient characteristics, clinical findings, laboratory and computed tomography findings
Total | Bowel necrosis | Non-bowel necrosis | ||
|---|---|---|---|---|
Number (N, (%)) | N = 52 | N = 17 (32.7) | N = 35 (67.3) | P value |
Age | 70.4 ± 5.1 | 69.5 ± 8.9 | 70.9 ± 6.2 | 0.79 |
Gender | 0.74 | |||
Male | 32 (61.5) | 11 | 21 | |
Female | 20 (38.5) | 6 | 14 | |
Underlying disease/condition/treatment | ||||
Inflammatory bowel disease | 2 (3.8) | 0 | 2 | 0.31 |
Respiratory disease | 7 (13.5) | 2 | 5 | 0.8 |
Diabetes mellitus | 10 (19.2) | 3 | 7 | 0.84 |
α-Glucosidase inhibitor | 5 (9.6) | 1 | 4 | 0.52 |
Cardiovascular disease | 9 (17.3) | 4 | 5 | 0.41 |
Renal disease | 4 (7.7) | 2 | 2 | 0.44 |
Collagen disease | 7 (13.5) | 2 | 5 | 0.8 |
Hematological disease | 3 (5.8) | 0 | 3 | 0.21 |
Steroid therapy | 16 (30.8) | 4 | 12 | 0.43 |
Chemotherapy | 8 (15.4) | 3 | 5 | 0.75 |
Postoperative state | 9 (17.3) | 8 | 1 | 0.0001 |
Tumor-bearing | 13 (25.0) | 5 | 8 | 0.61 |
Abdominal findings | ||||
Abdominal pain | 31 (59.6) | 14 (82.4) | 17 (48.6) | 0.019 |
Peritoneal irritation signs | 16 (30.8) | 9 (52.9) | 7 (20.0) | 0.016 |
Nausea/vomiting | 17 (32.7) | 7 (41.2) | 10 (28.6) | 0.36 |
Abdominal distension | 26 (50) | 11 (64.7) | 15 (42.9) | 0.14 |
Melena | 5 (9.6) | 1 (5.9) | 4 (11.4) | 0.52 |
Vital signs | ||||
Temperature | 36.9 ± 0.66 | 37.1 ± 0.5 | 0.76 | |
Mean blood pressure | 79.6 ± 8.9 | 86.9 ± 7.8 | 0.24 | |
Pulse rate | 94.2 ± 13.6 | 85.6 ± 11.6 | 0.34 | |
Respiration rate | 19.3 ± 2.6 | 17.9 ± 1.8 | 0.36 | |
Laboratory Findings | ||||
WBC (×103/μL) | 11,992 ± 2811 | 8654 ± 1988 | 0.16 | |
Hb (g/dL) | 12.3 ± 0.97 | 11.8 ± 0.68 | 0.39 | |
Platelets (×103/μL) | 18.9 ± 4.1 | 19.9 ± 2.9 | 0.67 | |
Total bilirubin (mg/dL) | 1.16 ± 0.5 | 0.90 ± 0.35 | 0.39 | |
Sodium (mmol/L) | 135.2 ± 3.2 | 137.4 ± 2.3 | 0.26 | |
Potassium (mmol/L) | 4.36 ± 0.34 | 4.2 ± 0.2 | 0.49 | |
Arterial pH | 7.338 ± 0.065 | 7.409 ± 0.049 | 0.81 | |
Base excess (mmol/L) | −0.66 ± 0.32 | 1.22 ± 0.38 | 0.41 | |
Bicarbonate (mmol/L) | 22.39 ± 3.62 | 24.92 ± 2.61 | 0.28 | |
Creatinine (mg/dL) | 1.7 ± 0.4 | 0.9 ± 0.3 | 0.0054 | |
CRP (mg/dL) | 10.56 ± 4.01 | 3.15 ± 2.83 | 0.0038 | |
Serum lactate (mmol/L) | 4.54 ± 2.03 | 1.90 ± 1.61 | 0.045 | |
Evaluation of Severity | ||||
SIRS score | 1.1 ± 0.5 | 0.4 ± 0.3 | 0.036 | |
APACHE II score | 12 ± 2.9 | 7.7 ± 2.1 | 0.022 | |
SOFA score | 2.8 ± 0.9 | 1.2 ± 0.6 | 0.0044 | |
Computed tomography findings | ||||
Ascites | 18 (34.6) | 10 (58.8) | 8 (22.9) | 0.011 |
Free Air | 20 (38.5) | 5 (29.4) | 15 (42.9) | 0.35 |
Pneumatosis intestinalis (PI) | 45 (86.5) | 14 (82.3) | 31 (88.6) | 0.54 |
linear pattern | 23 (51.1) | 10 (58.8) | 13 (37.1) | |
bubble pattern | 22 (48.9) | 4 (23.5) | 18 (51.4) | 0.082 |
Portal venous gas (PVG) | 20 (38.5) | 9 (52.9) | 11 (31.4) | 0.13 |
Left lobe | 12 (23.1) | 5 (29.4) | 7 (20) | |
Right lobe or both lobes | 8 (15.4) | 4 (23.5) | 4 (11.4) | 0.71 |
Both PI and PVG | 13 (25) | 6 (35.3) | 7 (20) | 0.23 |
Deterioration in bowel wall enhancement | 17 (32.7) | 8 (47.1) | 9 (25.7) | 0.03 |