Table 1 Descriptive Data of Studies Included

Lazennec ¹⁵

SPO

19

43.5 (32–61)

26:5

T12-L1 (1); L2-L3 (7); L3-L4 (9); L4-L5 (2)

41.1 ± 5.8

-

Dural tear (4); Translation of caudal segment (5); Anterior cortex (1); Unstable fixation (4); Transient neural injury (6); paralysis (1); Narrowing of vertebral canal (1)

PSO

12

L1 (1); L2 (7); L3 (4)

47.4 ± 4.5

Nonunion (1); Transient neural symptom (3); Secondary displacement (2)

Qiu ²⁰

PWO

23

36 (25–56)

49:5

T12-L4 (23)

44 ± 12

20 (11–45)

Dural tear (1); Pedicle fractures (1); Insufficient folding (4)

PSO

31

L2 or L3 (31)

36 ± 19

Dural tear (1); Insufficient folding (2); Transient neural symptom (2)

Willems ²⁷

PWO

20

46.1 (21–82)

88:22

-

-

12

Dural tear (5); Pedicle fractures (1); Insufficient folding (2); Deep infection (3); Neural damage (1); Instrumentation failure (4);

PSO

62

Dural tear (12); Pedicle fractures (4); Superficial infection (4); Deep infection (5); Neural damage (6); Instrumentation failure (10); others^a (8)

Cho ⁵

SPO

16

40.1 ± 11

23:7

Single (7); Double (9)

24.9 ± 10.6

55.2 (24–276)

Dural tear (1); DVT (1); Transient neural symptom (1); Superficial infection (3); Deep infection (1); Sagittal imbalance (4); nonunion (3)

PWO

14

Triple (9); quadruple (3); quintuple (2)

33.0 ± 9.2

PSO

41

54.5 ± 11.7

33:8

-

31.7 ± 9.0

49.4 (24–85.2)

Dural tear (3); DVT (2); Transient neural symptom (3); Superficial infection (1); nonunion (3); others^b (3)

Chang ⁴

SPO

66

34.8 (17–55)

102:15

L1-L2 (5); L2-L3 (55); L2-L4 (6)

40 ± 14

43.2 (25.2-63.6)

Dural tear (4); Superficial infection (1); Transient neural symptom (3); Nonunion (3); Screw loosing (1); Kyphosis aggravation (2); others^c (13)

Study

Group

n

Age (range) /year

M:F

Level (No.)

Correction of lordosis /°

Follow up (range)/Month

Complication (No.)

Chang ⁴

PSO

51

34.8 (17–55)

102:15

L2 (47); L3 (4)

38 ± 11

43.2 (25.2-63.6)

Dural tear (3); Superficial infection (1); Transient neural symptom (3); Nonunion (3); Screw loosing (3); Kyphosis aggravation (3); others^c (4)

Zhu ²⁹

PWO

32

35.2 (22–60)

29:3

T11-L4 (8); T12-L4 (21); T12-L5 (3)

39.1 ± 7.8

At least 3

Dural tear (4); Screw loosing (2); Transient neural symptom (1); others^d (5)

PSO

61

37.8 (20–86)

53:8

T12 (2); L1 (11); L2 (30); L3 (18)

37.1 ± 3.8

Dural tear (1); Screw loosing (3); Secondary displacement (2); Fatal Bleeding > 4000 ml (5); Transient neural symptom (4); others^d (5)

Arun¹

SPO

10

54.7 (40–74)

26:5

L3-L4 (10)

19 ± 11.6

60 (24–240)

Dural tear (2); Aorta damage (1); Nerve root injury (1); nonunion (1); Epidural hematoma (1)

PWO

9

L2-L5 (9)

30 ± 6.2

Dural tear (1); Superficial infection (1); Epidural hematoma (1)

PSO

12

L3 (12)

38 ± 5.4

Dural tear (1); Nerve root injury (1); Superficial infection (1); Epidural hematoma (1)

Zhu³⁰

PWO

19

27 (21–40)

16:3

T11-L4 (4); T12-L4 (14); T12-L5 (1)

38.6 ± 12.8

At least 12

Dural tear (2); Transient neural symptom (1);

PSO

31

36 (22–54)

26:5

L1 (9); L2 (14);L3 (8)

42.6 ± 15.7

Dural tear (1); Transient neural symptom (3); Neural damage (1)