Figure 1
From: Radical Prostatectomy: Hospital volumes and surgical volumes – does practice make perfect?
Histograms juxtapose observed and expected number of surgeons' postoperative complications. More outliers on right side of histogram in observed vs. expected plot highlight providers achieving poor outcomes. On the other hand, outliers toward left in observed vs. expected plots indicate surgeons achieving more favorable outcomes (From Bianco, J Urol, 2005, copyright permission).