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  1. There are 80 million forcibly displaced persons worldwide, 26.3 million of whom are refugees. Many refugees live in camps and have complex health needs, including a high burden of non-communicable disease. It ...

    Authors: Sarah Rapaport, Hilary Ngude, Amber Lekey, Mohamed Abbas, Peter J. Winch, Kent Stevens and Zachary Obinna Enumah
    Citation: BMC Surgery 2021 21:381
  2. This study investigated the feasibility and safety of laparoscopic splenectomy conducted in the contexts of both laparoscopic secondary surgery for isolated recurrence in the spleen and primary laparoscopic cy...

    Authors: Antonio Macciò, Elisabetta Sanna, Fabrizio Lavra, Giacomo Chiappe, Marco Petrillo and Clelia Madeddu
    Citation: BMC Surgery 2021 21:380
  3. Elucidating how robotic skills are best obtained will enable surgeons to best develop future robotic training programs. We perform a randomized controlled trial to assess the performance of robotic compared to...

    Authors: John J. Kanitra, Nashwa Khogali-Jakary, Sahil B. Gambhir, Alan T. Davis, Michael Hollis, Caroline Moon, Rama Gupta, Pamela S. Haan, Cheryl Anderson, Deborah Collier, David Henry and Srinivas Kavuturu
    Citation: BMC Surgery 2021 21:379
  4. It was controversial to operate on the primary site of breast cancer (BC) with bone metastasis only. We investigated the impact of surgery on BC patients with bone metastases via a SEER database retrospective ...

    Authors: Pai Peng, Jiang-Yuan Chen, Yun-Tao Han, Xin Chen, Hong-Yuan Li, Chao-Hua Hu and Jin-Li Wang
    Citation: BMC Surgery 2021 21:378
  5. The bone transport using the unilateral external fixator, one of the Ilizarov techniques, is widely practiced in lower limb reconstructive surgery. Pin tract infection (PTI), one of most common complication, h...

    Authors: Kai Liu, Alimujiang Abulaiti, Yanshi Liu, Feiyu Cai, Peng Ren and Aihemaitijiang Yusufu
    Citation: BMC Surgery 2021 21:377
  6. Pilonidal sinus is a common health problem. The current study aimed to compare the impact of autologous platelet-rich plasma (PRP) with that of minimally invasive techniques in terms of pain reduction, return ...

    Authors: Can Yahya Boztug, Tulay Karaagac Akyol, Cigdem Benlice, Mehmet Ali Koc, Beyza Doganay Erdogan, Osman Ilhami Ozcebe, Mehmet Ayhan Kuzu and Cihangir Akyol
    Citation: BMC Surgery 2021 21:373
  7. Contrary to adult inguinal hernia surgery, large-scale investigations using registries or administrative data are missing in paediatric surgery. We aimed to fill this gap by analysing German administrative hos...

    Authors: Andreas Heydweiller, Ralf Kurz, Arne Schröder and Christina Oetzmann von Sochaczewski
    Citation: BMC Surgery 2021 21:372
  8. Modified radical mastectomy is the procedure of choice in centers with little to no radiotherapy services. Studying the in-hospital outcome and complications associated with the procedure is important in low-i...

    Authors: Giziew Bawoke, Segni Kejela, Abebe Alemayehu and Girmaye Tamirat Bogale
    Citation: BMC Surgery 2021 21:371
  9. Surgical site infections (SSI) are the most common healthcare-associated infection, and gastrointestinal surgery is frequently followed by a high incidence of SSI. Epidemiological analysis of the temporal tren...

    Authors: Tomoko Takahashi and Hiroshi Nishiura
    Citation: BMC Surgery 2021 21:370
  10. Determining the modifiable risk factors for postoperative complications is particularly significant in patients undergoing colorectal surgery since those are associated with worse long-term outcomes.

    Authors: B. Balci, G. Kilinc, B. Calik and C. Aydin
    Citation: BMC Surgery 2021 21:369
  11. Primary lung acinic cell carcinoma is very rare. Here we report a young female patient who suffered the largest primary lung acinic cell carcinoma with severe mediastinal deviation which has never been reporte...

    Authors: Xueyu Chen, Yajie Zhang, Fangxiu Luo and Hecheng Li
    Citation: BMC Surgery 2021 21:368
  12. Jejunal feeding is an invaluable method by which to improve the nutritional status of patients undergoing neoadjuvant and surgical treatment of oesophageal malignancies. However, the insertion of a feeding jej...

    Authors: Sotiris Mastoridis, Giada Bracalente, Christine-Bianca Hanganu, Michela Neccia, Antonio Giuliani, Richard Gillies, Robert Marshall, Nicholas Maynard and Bruno Sgromo
    Citation: BMC Surgery 2021 21:367
  13. Portal vein thrombosis (PVT) is a common complication following splenectomy. It affects between 5 and 55% of patients undergoing surgery with no clearly defined pre-operative risk factors. The aim of this stud...

    Authors: Guillaume Péré, Hubert Basselerie, Charlotte Maulat, Armando Pitocco, Pierrick Leblanc, Antoine Philis, Charles Henri Julio, Géraud Tuyeras, Etienne Buscail and Nicolas Carrere
    Citation: BMC Surgery 2021 21:366
  14. Umbilical hernia repair, despite its perceived simplicity, is associated with recurrence between 2.7 and 27%, in mesh repair and non mesh repair respectively. Many factors are recognized contributors to recurr...

    Authors: Jennifer Mannion, Mohamed Khalid Hamed, Ritu Negi, Alison Johnston, Magda Bucholc and Michael Sugrue
    Citation: BMC Surgery 2021 21:365
  15. Robot-assisted surgery is being increasingly adopted in treating colorectal cancer, and the transition from laparoscopic surgery to robot-assisted surgery is a trend. The evidence of the benefits of robot-assi...

    Authors: Pedja Cuk, Andreas Kristian Pedersen, Kate Lykke Lambertsen, Christian Backer Mogensen, Michael Festersen Nielsen, Per Helligsø, Ismail Gögenur and Mark Bremholm Ellebæk
    Citation: BMC Surgery 2021 21:363
  16. Laparoscopic transgastric necrosectomy (LTGN) has been used in treatment of walled-off pancreatic necrosis (WON) for more than a decade. However, the safety and effectiveness of LTGN for WON with sinistral por...

    Authors: Feng Cao, Ang Li, Xiaohui Wang, Chongchong Gao, Jia Li and Fei Li
    Citation: BMC Surgery 2021 21:362
  17. Although the traditional bilateral surgical approach to treat hiatal hernia (HH) with gastroesophageal reflux disease (GERD) can provide local protection of the vagus nerve, the integrity of the entire vagus n...

    Authors: Zhi Zheng, Xiaoye Liu, Chenglin Xin, Weitao Zhang, Yan Gao, Na Zeng, Mengyi Li, Jun Cai, Fandong Meng, Dong Liu, Jie Zhang, Jie Yin, Jun Zhang and Zhongtao Zhang
    Citation: BMC Surgery 2021 21:361
  18. To evaluate the survival rate of porous tantalum rod implantation in the treatment of osteonecrosis of the femoral head (ONFH), evaluate its clinical effect and imaging results.

    Authors: Yu Zhang, Wang Chen, Zhi Yang, Jian-Ning Sun, Zheng-Hao Hu, Zi-Jian Hua, Xiang-Yang Chen and Shuo Feng
    Citation: BMC Surgery 2021 21:360
  19. Lymph node dissection (LND) is of great significance in intrahepatic cholangiocarcinoma (ICC). Although the National Comprehensive Cancer Network (NCCN) guidelines recommend routine LND in ICC, the effects of ...

    Authors: Hanjie Hu, Gang Xu, Shunda Du, Zhiwen Luo, Hong Zhao and Jianqiang Cai
    Citation: BMC Surgery 2021 21:359
  20. The WALANT (wide-awake local anesthesia with no tourniquet) technique was based on local infiltration of lidocaine and epinephrine. This technique has rapidly gained popularity in recent years and can perform ...

    Authors: Yen-Chang Lin, Wei-Chieh Chen, Chun-Yu Chen and Shyh-Ming Kuo
    Citation: BMC Surgery 2021 21:358
  21. Hand injury is commonly associated with multiple soft tissue defects. Polyfoliate flaps grafting is the optimal approach for multiple wounds.The feasibility of clinical using of free thoracodorsal artery polyf...

    Authors: Wenquan Ding, Jianbo Xue, Yingling Zhou, Lingfeng He and Xiaofeng Wang
    Citation: BMC Surgery 2021 21:357
  22. Acute pancreatitis after liver resection is a rare but serious complication, and few cases have been described in the literature. Extended lymphadenectomy, and long ischemia due to the Pringle maneuver could b...

    Authors: Sophie Chopinet, Emilie Bollon, Jean-François Hak, Laurent Reydellet, Valéry Blasco, Farouk Tradi, Guillaume Louis, Emilie Grégoire and Jean Hardwigsen
    Citation: BMC Surgery 2021 21:356
  23. Robotic surgery has been taken as a new modality to surpass the technical limitations of conventional surgery. Here we aim to compare the oncologic outcomes of patients with rectal cancer receiving robotic vs....

    Authors: Xiong Lei, Lingling Yang, Zhixiang Huang, Haoran Shi, Zhen Zhou, Cheng Tang and Taiyuan Li
    Citation: BMC Surgery 2021 21:355
  24. Patients with prolonged and intense neutrophilia after spinal surgery are at high risk of developing surgical site infection (SSI). To date, there is no standard method for the objective assessment of the inte...

    Authors: Hiroyuki Inose, Yutaka Kobayashi, Shingo Morishita, Yu Matsukura, Masato Yuasa, Takashi Hirai, Toshitaka Yoshii and Atsushi Okawa
    Citation: BMC Surgery 2021 21:354
  25. Patients with inflammatory bowel disease (IBD) have a high-life time risk undergoing abdominal surgery and are prone to develop incisional hernias (IH) in the postoperative course. Therefore, we investigated t...

    Authors: Daniel Heise, Charles Schram, Roman Eickhoff, Jan Bednarsch, Marius Helmedag, Sophia M. Schmitz, Andreas Kroh, Christian Daniel Klink, Ulf Peter Neumann and Andreas Lambertz
    Citation: BMC Surgery 2021 21:353
  26. Thyroid surgery, performed for benign or malignant pathologies, is one of the most frequently performed procedures and its frequency has even been increasing in recent years. Postoperative bleeding, recurrent ...

    Authors: Paolo Del Rio, Paolo Carcoforo, Fabio Medas, Elena Bonati, Tommaso Loderer, Margherita Koleva Radica and Piergiorgio Calò
    Citation: BMC Surgery 2021 21:352
  27. Uncertain nutritional outcomes following common metabolic surgical techniques are concerning given the long-term potential for postoperative metabolic bone disease. This study aims to investigate the variation...

    Authors: Reshi Suthakaran, Imeshi Indigahawela, Krinal Mori, Kiat Lim and Ahmad Aly
    Citation: BMC Surgery 2021 21:351
  28. Lateral internal sphincterotomy (LIS) is still the approach of choice for the treatment of chronic anal fissure (CAF) regardless to the internal anal sphincter tone but it is burdened by high risk post-operati...

    Authors: Beatrice D’Orazio, Girolamo Geraci, Sebastiano Bonventre, Dario Calì and Gaetano Di Vita
    Citation: BMC Surgery 2021 21:350
  29. To evaluate the feasibility and safety of a new minimally-invasive surgical approach–anteromedial minimally-invasive plate osteosynthesis (MIPO)–in the treatment of middle and distal humeral shaft fractures.

    Authors: Jing Yang, Dapeng Liu, Lina Zhang, Zhanxin Lu, Tang Liu and Cheng Tao
    Citation: BMC Surgery 2021 21:349
  30. Postoperative anastomotic leakage (AL) is associated with not only prolonged hospital stay and increased medical costs, but also poor prognosis in esophageal cancer. Several studies have addressed the utility ...

    Authors: Atsushi Sugimoto, Takahiro Toyokawa, Yuichiro Miki, Mami Yoshii, Tatsuro Tamura, Katsunobu Sakurai, Naoshi Kubo, Hiroaki Tanaka, Shigeru Lee, Kazuya Muguruma, Masakazu Yashiro and Masaichi Ohira
    Citation: BMC Surgery 2021 21:348
  31. Bronchogenic cyst is congenital aberration of bronchopulmonary malformation, which is rarely encountered in the abdomen and retroperitoneum. We present a case report and literature review of retroperitoneal br...

    Authors: Kaitao Yuan, Man Shu, Yan Ma, Weidong Feng, Jinning Ye and Yujie Yuan
    Citation: BMC Surgery 2021 21:347
  32. Currently no optimal localization technique has been established for localization of ground glass opacity (GGO). We aimed to introduce a localization technique using geometric localization for peripheral GGO.

    Authors: Mengjun Bie, Xuemin Zhao, Min Zhang, Guang Fu and Mingjian Ge
    Citation: BMC Surgery 2021 21:345
  33. Laparoscopic cholecystectomy (LC) is the gold standard for the treatment of cholelithiasis in most countries of the world. The objective of this study was to evaluate the outcomes of LC in the surgery departme...

    Authors: Wais Farda, Mohammad Kamal Tani, Richard G. Manning, Mohammad Samim Fahmi and Nasratullah Barai
    Citation: BMC Surgery 2021 21:344
  34. There is no consensus for when publicly funded breast reduction is indicated and recommendations in guidelines vary greatly, indicating a lack of evidence and unequal access. The primary aim of this review was...

    Authors: Emmelie Widmark-Jensen, Susanne Bernhardsson, Maud Eriksson, Håkan Hallberg, Christian Jepsen, Lennart Jivegård, Ann Liljegren, Max Petzold, Mikael Svensson, Fredrik Wärnberg and Emma Hansson
    Citation: BMC Surgery 2021 21:343
  35. Fluid administration is a key tool in the maintenance of normovolemia in patients with cardiac surgery. The trials that evaluated the safety of 6% hydroxyethyl starch (HES) 130/0.4 in cardiac surgical patients...

    Authors: Ling Wei, Dongping Li and Lin Sun
    Citation: BMC Surgery 2021 21:342

    The Review to this article has been published in BMC Surgery 2022 22:140

  36. The aims of the present study were to demonstrate the anatomical change of superior mesenteric vein (SMV) branches and to show how the Cattell Braasch maneuver facilitates a safer ligation of these venous bran...

    Authors: Masayuki Akita, Eri Maeda, Tohru Nishimura, Koichiro Abe, Akihito Kozuki, Kunio Yokoyama, Tomohiro Tanaka, Shinji Kishi and Kunihiko Kaneda
    Citation: BMC Surgery 2021 21:341
  37. Subglottic paragangliomas (PGs) are exceptionally rare and unpredictable, occasionally presenting at an atypical location. There are three different clinical forms of subglottic PGs: intraluminal (tracheal PGs...

    Authors: Juanjuan Hu, Haiyang Wang, Jianli Chen, Xuelin Pan, Di Deng, Lufang Zhuo, Shixi Liu, Maiyue He, Fei Chen and Hui Yang
    Citation: BMC Surgery 2021 21:340
  38. Management of bowel traumatic injuries is a challenge. Although anastomotic or suture leak remains a feared complication, preserving bowel continuity is increasingly the preferred strategy. The aim of this stu...

    Authors: Camille Tantardini, Gaëlle Godiris-Petit, Séverine Noullet, Mathieu Raux, Fabrice Menegaux and Nathalie Chereau
    Citation: BMC Surgery 2021 21:339
  39. The controlling nutritional status (CONUT) score has been widely used to evaluate the nutritional and immunological status. Clinical value of postoperative CONUT (PoCONUT) score in hepatocellular carcinoma (HC...

    Authors: Wei Peng, Minghong Yao, Kang Zou, Chuan Li, Tianfu Wen and Xin Sun
    Citation: BMC Surgery 2021 21:338
  40. Open reduction and internal fixation (ORIF) is the preferred choice for treating clavicle fractures. The brachial plexus injury caused by ORIF of a clavicle fracture is very rare. If it is not treated in time,...

    Authors: Zhenyu Cao, Yufei Hou, Xiaochen Su, Menghao Teng, Wenchen Ji and Meng Li
    Citation: BMC Surgery 2021 21:337
  41. To Explore the perioperative application of enhanced recovery after surgery (ERAS) and negative-pressure wound therapy in the elderly patients with colorectal cancer.

    Authors: Han-rong Liu, Ping Yang, Song Han, Yu Zhang and Hui-yin Zhu
    Citation: BMC Surgery 2021 21:336
  42. The coexistence of primary hyperparathyroidism and papillary thyroid carcinoma (PTC) is common and may be associative with more aggressive PTC, with higher rates of extrathyroidal extension and multicentricity...

    Authors: Junhao Ma, Zhuochao Mao, Yunjin Yao, Yimin Lu, Haohao Wang, Yan Yang, Jun Yang, Weibin Wang and Lisong Teng
    Citation: BMC Surgery 2021 21:335
  43. Definitions of postoperative hypoparathyroidism (hypoPT) have never reached consent until the American Thyroid Association (ATA) statement was released, with new characteristics and challenges.

    Authors: Yuxuan Qiu, Zhichao Xing, Yuan Fei, Yuanfan Qian, Yan Luo and Anping Su
    Citation: BMC Surgery 2021 21:334
  44. An open abdomen with frozen adherent bowels is classified as grade 4 in Björck’s open abdomen classification, and skin grafting after wound granulation is a typical closure option. We achieved delayed primary ...

    Authors: Yoshimasa Akashi, Koichi Ogawa, Kaoru Sasaki, Jaejeong Kim, Tsuyoshi Enomoto, Katsuji Hisakura, Yusuke Ohara, Yohei Owada, Kazuhiro Takahashi, Osamu Shimomura, Shinji Hashimoto, Mitsuru Sekido and Tatsuya Oda
    Citation: BMC Surgery 2021 21:333
  45. Lumbar hernia is caused by a defect in the abdominal wall. Due to its rarity, there is no established consensus on optimal treatment for lumbar hernia yet. Thus, we here investigated the clinical, surgical cha...

    Authors: Chaoyong Shen, Guixiang Zhang, Sen Zhang, Yuan Yin, Bo Zhang, Yinghan Song and Wenzhang Lei
    Citation: BMC Surgery 2021 21:332

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