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Table 1 Comparison of general information of patients between the two groups

From: Risk factor analysis and a new prediction model of venous thromboembolism after pancreaticoduodenectomy

Demographic characteristics

Traning (n = 282)

Validation (n = 70)

P

Age (years)

   

≦ 60

143 (50.71%)

39 (55.71%)

0.453

 > 60

139 (49.29%)

31 (44.29%)

Sex

   

 Female

50 (17.73%)

8 (11.43%)

0.203

 Male

232 (82.26%)

62 (88.57%)

Tumor site

   

 Head of pancreas

145 (51.41%)

31 (44.29%)

0.193

 The ampulla of vater

68 (24.11%)

17 (24.29%)

 Duodenum

27 (9.58%)

13 (18.57%)

 Biliary tract

42 (14.90%)

9 (12.85%)

Degree of tumor differentitation

   

 Benign

41 (14.54%)

12 (17.14%)

0.620

 Highly differentitated

23 (8.16%)

4 (5.72%)

 Highly-moderately differentitated

12 (4.25%)

4 (5.72%)

 Moderately differentitated

103 (36.53%)

26 (37.14%)

 Moderately-poorly differentitated

77 (27.30%)

14 (20.00%)

 Poorly differentitated

26 (9.22%)

10 (14.28%)

Blood type

   

 A

70 (24.82%)

26 (37.14%)

0.047

 B

100 (35.46%)

17 (24.29%)

 O

68 (24.11%)

21 (30.00%)

 AB

44 (15.61%)

6 (8.57%)

Pian

   

 No

169 (59.93%)

46 (65.71%)

0.374

 Yes

113 (40.07%)

24 (34.29%)

Jaundice

   

 No

139 (49.29%)

41 (58.57%)

0.164

 Yes

143 (50.71%)

29 (41.43%)

Lost weight

   

 No

111 (39.36%)

25 (35.71%)

0.589

 Yes

171 (60.64%)

45 (64.29%)

Gastrointestinal symptoms

   

 No

233 (82.62%)

52 (74.79%)

0.112

 Yes

49 (17.38%)

18 (25.71%)

Drinking history

   

 No

220 (78.01%)

52 (74.79%)

0.505

 Yes

62 (21.89%)

18 (25.71%)

Hypertension

   

 No

195 (69.15%)

49 (70.00%)

0.890

 Yes

87 (30.85%)

21 (30.00%)

Diabetes

   

 No

228 (80.85%)

59 (84.29%)

0.507

 Yes

54 (19.15%)

11 (15.71%)

Hepatitis B

   

 No

276 (97.87%)

68 (97.14%)

0.714

 Yes

6 (2.13%)

2 (2.86%)

Hepatitis C

   

 No

280 (99.29%)

69 (98.57%)

0.487

 Yes

2 (0.71%)

1 (1.43%)

Operative method

   

 PD

217 (76.95%)

56 (80.00%)

0.458

 LPD

39 (13.83%)

6 (8.57%)

 LPD + PD

26 (9.22%)

8 (11.43%)

Intraoperative bleeding (> 500 ml)

   

 No

157 (55.67%)

39 (55.71%)

0.995

 Yes

125 (44.33%)

31 (44.29%)

Operation time (> 600 min)

   

 No

184 (65.25%)

44 (62.86%)

0.708

 Yes

98 (34.75%)

26 (37.14%)

Blood transfusion

   

 No

169 (59.93%)

40 (57.14%)

0.671

 Yes

113 (40.07%)

30 (42.86%)

Minus jaundice measures

   

 No

224 (79.43%)

57 (81.43%)

0.710

 Yes

58 (50.57%)

13 (18.57%)

Vascular resection

   

 No

250 (88.65%)

64 (91.43%)

0.503

 Yes

32 (11.35%)

6 (8.57%)

History of abdominal surgery

   

 No

202 (71.63%)

54 (77.14%)

0.354

 Yes

80 (28.37%)

16 (22.86%)

Invasion outside the primary site

   

 No

172 (60.99%)

40 (57.14%)

0.012

 Yes

110 (39.01%)

30 (42.86%)

Tumor size (≧ 3 cm)

   

 No

134 (47.52%)

30 (42.86%)

0.484

 Yes

148 (52.48%)

40 (57.14%)

Blood vessel invasion

   

 No

163 (57.80%)

45 (64.29%)

0.323

 Yes

119 (42.20%)

25 (35.71%)

Nerve invasion

   

 No

103 (36.52%)

31 (44.29%)

0.231

 Yes

179 (63.48%)

39 (55.71%)

Lymphatic metastasis

   

 No

198 (70.21%)

51 (72.86%)

0.663

 Yes

84 (29.79%)

19 (27.14%)

R1 resection

   

 No

245 (86.88%)

50 (71.43%)

0.002

 Yes

37 (13.12%)

20 (28.57%)

Pancreatic duct dilatation

   

 No

122 (43.26%)

29 (41.43%)

0.781

 Yes

160 (56.74%)

41 (58.57%)

BMI (≧ 25 kg/m2)

   

 No

179 (63.48%)

42 (60.00%)

0.590

 Yes

103 (36.52%)

28 (40.00%)

HGB (≧ 120 g/L)

   

 No

101 (35.82%)

29 (41.43%)

0.384

 Yes

181 (64.18%)

41 (58.57%)

WBC (≦ 10 × 109/L)

   

 No

28 (9.93%)

5 (7.14%)

0.474

 Yes

254 (90.07%)

65 (92.86%)

Neutrophil count (< 6.3 Ã— 109/L)

   

 No

55 (19.05%)

15 (21.43%)

0.718

 Yes

227 (80.50%)

55 (78.57%)

Lymphocyte count (< 3.2 Ã— 109/L)

   

 No

5 (1.77%)

1 (1.45%)

1

 Yes

277 (98.23%)

69 (98.55%)

PLT (109/L)

   

≦ 125

4 (1.42%)

*

0.092

 125–350

234 (82.98%)

52 (74.79%)

≧ 350

44 (15.60%)

18 (25.71%)

CA19-9 (> 25 U/mL)

   

 No

119 (42.20%)

30 (42.86%)

0.920

 Yes

163 (57.80%)

40 (57.14%)

PT(s)

   

≦ 9

7 (2.49%)

2 (2.86%)

0.855

 9–15

263 (93.26%)

66 (94.28%)

≧ 15

12 (4.25%)

2 (2.86%)

APTT(s)

   

≦ 23

1 (0.35%)

1 (1.43%)

0.546

 23–38

258 (91.48%)

64 (91.43%)

≧ 38

23 (8.16%)

5 (7.14%)

PT%

   

≦ 75

66 (23.40%)

7 (10.00%)

0.041

 75–120

187 (66.31%)

53 (75.71%)

≧ 120

29 (10.28%)

10 (14.28%)

AST/ALT

   

≦ 1

148 (52.48%)

42 (60.00%)

0.259

 > 1

134 (47.52%)

28 (40.00%)

Albumin (> 35 g/L)

   

 No

88 (31.21%)

28 (40.00%)

0.161

 Yes

194 (68.79%)

42 (60.00%)

TBIL (> 22 Âµmmol/L)

   

 No

91 (32.27%)

28 (40.00%)

0.221

 Yes

191 (67.73%)

42 (60.00%)

TG (≧1.69 mmol/L)

   

 No

126 (44.68%)

32 (45.71%)

0.876

 Yes

156 (55.32%)

38 (54.29%)

PCT (< 0.05 ng/mL)

   

 No

237 (84.04%)

62 (88.57%)

0.343

 Yes

45 (15.96%)

8 (11.43%)

  1. LPD laparoscopic pancreatoduodenectomy, PD open pancreatoduodenectomy, PT prothrombin time, BMI body mass index, HGB hemoglobinopathies, WBC white blood cells, PLT platelet, APTT activated partial thromboplastin time, AST/ALT the aspartat aminotransferase (AST)/alanin aminotransferase (ALT) ratio, TBIL total bilirubin, TG triglyceride, PCT procalcitonin