Fig. 2

A Optimal parameter (lambda) selection in the Lasso model used five-fold cross-validation through the minimum criteria. Dotted vertical lines were drawn at the optimal values by using the minimum criteria and the 1 SE of the minimum criteria (the 1-SE criteria). B Lasso coefficient profiles of the 43 features. A coefficient profile plot was generated against the log(lambda) sequence. A vertical line was drawn at the value selected using five-fold cross-validation, where optimal lambda resulted in 13 features with nonzero coefficients. Lasso least absolute shrinkage and selection operator, SE standard error