Table 1 Detailed patients characteristics
Characteristics | Total (n = 147) | PBD group (n = 73) | No PBD group (n = 74) | p-value |
|---|---|---|---|---|
Age, mean ± SD, year | 57.4 ± 12.3 | 57.7 ± 10.8 | 57.0 ± 13.8 | 0.862 |
Male gender, no. (%) | 96 (65.3) | 52 (71.2) | 44 (59.5) | 0.134 |
Symptoms | ||||
Duration, mean ± SD, days | 106 ± 120 | 134 ± 148 | 76 ± 71 | 0.050 |
Jaundice, no. (%) | 92 (82.1) | 60 (98.4) | 32 (62.7) | < 0.001 |
Abdominal pain, no. (%) | 63 (64.9) | 34 (68.0) | 29 (61.7) | 0.516 |
Weight loss, no. (%) | 41 (43.6) | 22 (44.9) | 19 (42.2) | 0.794 |
Malaise, no. (%) | 28 (30.4) | 17 (36.2) | 11 (24.4) | 0.222 |
Nausea/vomiting, no. (%) | 17 (18.1) | 10 (20.4) | 7 (15.6) | 0.541 |
Fever, no. (%) | 9 (8.7) | 8 (15.1) | 1 (2.0) | 0.032 |
Medical history | ||||
Diabetes, no. (%) | 26 (18.7) | 15 (21.4) | 11 (15.9) | 0.407 |
Hypertension, no. (%) | 36 (26.1) | 20 (29.0) | 16 (23.2) | 0.438 |
Coronary artery disease, no. (%) | 15 (11.0) | 8 (11.8) | 7 (10.3) | 0.782 |
Thyroid disease, no. (%) | 7 (5.1) | 2 (2.9) | 5 (7.4) | 0.441 |
Chronic renal failure, no. (%) | 0 | 0 | 0 | – |
Liver disease, no. (%) | 0 | 0 | 0 | – |
Neoadjuvant therapy, no. (%) | 8 (5.7) | 6 (8.5) | 2 (2.9) | 0.275 |
ASA score > 2 | 49 (35.8) | 26 (36.6) | 23 (34.8) | 0.900 |
Preop lab | ||||
WBC, mean ± SD, × 109 cells/l | 7.5 ± 1.2 | 6.8 ± 2.5 | 8.4 ± 3.0 | 0.020 |
Lymphopenia, no. (%) | 10 (14.3) | 3 (8.1) | 7 (21.2) | 0.173 |
Total bilirubin, mean ± SD, mg/dl | 6.9 ± 8.5 | 3.45 ± 4.5 | 10.9 ± 10.2 | < 0.001 |
Total bilirubin > 10 mg/dl, no. (%) | 31 (25.4) | 4 (6.1) | 27 (48.2) | < 0.001 |
Alkaline phosphatase, mean ± SD, U/l | 701.6 ± 630.0 | 492.5 ± 403.1 | 914.7 ± 743.0 | < 0.001 |
Albumin, mean ± SD, g/dl | 3.8 ± 0.5 | 3.8 ± 0.6 | 3.7 ± 0.5 | 0.510 |
Total protein, mean ± SD, | 6.4 ± 0.9 | 6.3 ± 0.9 | 6.5 ± 0.9 | 0.454 |
Creatinine, mean ± SD, mg/dl | 0.88 ± 0.29 | 0.92 ± 0.26 | 0.86 ± 0.30 | 0.120 |
Histopathology | ||||
Histology | 0.034 | |||
Pancreatic adenocarcinoma, no. (%) | 42 (34.1) | 25 (39.7) | 17 (28.3) | – |
Ampullary cancer, no. (%) | 41 (33.3) | 26 (41.3) | 15 (25.0) | – |
Duodenal cancer, no. (%) | 10 (8.1) | 5 (7.9) | 5 (8.3) | – |
Neuroendocrine tumor, no. (%) | 7 (5.7) | 1 (1.6) | 6 (10.0) | – |
Distal cholangiocarcinoma, no. (%) | 6 (4.9) | 2 (3.2) | 4 (6.7) | – |
Other, no. (%) | 12 (9.8) | 3 (4.8) | 9 (15.0) | – |
Unknown, no. (%) | 5 (4.1) | 1 (1.6) | 4 (6.7) | – |
Tumor size, mean ± SD, mm | 35 ± 19 | 29 ± 16 | 41 ± 20 | 0.005 |
Operation | ||||
Harvested LNs, mean ± SD | 9.7 ± 7.0 | 9.5 ± 6.5 | 9.9 ± 7.5 | 0.814 |
Estimated blood loss, mean ± SD, ml | 951 ± 499 | 1003 ± 538 | 894 ± 453 | 0.458 |
Surgery duration, mean ± SD, minutes | 464 ± 151 | 477 ± 147 | 450 ± 155 | 0.486 |