Skip to main content
Fig. 3 | BMC Surgery

Fig. 3

From: Size selection and placement of pedicle screws using robot-assisted versus fluoroscopy-guided techniques for thoracolumbar fractures: possible implications for the screw loosening rate

Fig. 3

Grading used for pedicle perforation on the axial CT scan and the representative images: A both pedicle screws are completely within the pedicle (Grade A); B Grade B (< 2 mm) perforation of the lateral wall of the right pedicle and Grade A of the left pedicle; C Grade C (2–4 mm) perforation of the medial wall of the left pedicle and Grade A perforation of the right pedicle; D Grade D (> 4 mm) perforation of the lateral wall of both pedicles; E Grade E (> 6 mm) perforation of the medial wall of the right pedicle. The blue lines represent the medial or lateral wall of the vertebral pedicles; the red lines represent the edge of the pedicle screws; and the green lines represent the distance of the perforation

Back to article page

BMC Surgery

ISSN: 1471-2482

Contact us