Table 1 Comparison of preoperative clinical characteristics and preoperative laboratory parameters between two groups
Non-SSI (170) | SSI (44) | P value | |
|---|---|---|---|
Age (years) | 46.12 ± 11.45 | 47.25 ± 11.08 | 0.559 |
BMI | 23.94 (22.24–25.49) | 24.12 (22.31–25.81) | 0.374 |
Injury mechanism | < 0.001 | ||
Low fall injury (< 2 m) | 104 (61.2) | 11 (25.0) | |
High fall injury (> 2 m) | 66 (38.8) | 33 (75.0) | |
Injury-surgery interval (days) | 4 (3–5) | 5 (3.25–7) | 0.044 |
Operative time (minutes) | 70 (60–81) | 93 (80–104) | < 0.001 |
Operative blood loss (mL) | 50 (20–50) | 85 (50–100) | < 0.001 |
Gender | 0.819 | ||
Female, n (%) | 21 (12.4) | 6 (13.6) | |
Male, n (%) | 149 (87.6) | 38 (86.4) | |
Types of admission | 0.022 | ||
Outpatient, n (%) | 79 (46.5) | 12 (27.3) | |
Emergency, n (%) | 91 (53.5) | 32 (72.7) | |
Current drinking, n (%) | 75 (44.1) | 19 (43.2) | 0.911 |
Current smoking, n (%) | 66 (38.8) | 21 (47.7) | 0.284 |
Injured feet | 0.317 | ||
Left, n (%) | 90 (52.9) | 27 (61.4) | |
Right, n (%) | 80 (47.1) | 17 (38.6) | |
Artificial bone graft, n (%) | 129 (75.9) | 35 (79.5) | 0.609 |
Surgical approach | 0.019 | ||
Tarsal sinus approach, n (%) | 58 (34.1) | 7 (15.9) | |
Extended lateral approach, n (%) | 112 (65.9) | 37 (84.1) | |
Anesthesia method | 0.054 | ||
Combined spinal and epidural anesthesia, n (%) | 146 (85.9) | 32 (72.7) | |
General anesthesia, n (%) | 16 (9.4) | 10 (22.7) | |
Spinal anesthesia, n (%) | 8 (4.7) | 2 (4.5) | |
Preoperative mannitol, n (%) | 143 (84.1) | 36 (81.8) | 0.713 |
Postoperative antibiotic | 0.066 | ||
First-generation cephalosporins, n (%) | 6 (3.5) | 4 (9.1) | |
Second-generation cephalosporins, n (%) | 68 (40.0) | 15 (34.1) | |
Third-generation cephalosporin, n (%) | 13 (7.6) | 5 (11.4) | |
Latamoxef Sodium, n (%) | 16 (9.4) | 5 (11.4) | |
Clindamycin, n (%) | 21 (12.4) | 9 (20.5) | |
Azlocillin, n (%) | 13 (7.6) | 2 (20.5) | |
Amoxicillin, n (%) | 18 (10.6) | 0 | |
Flucloxacillin, n (%) | 15 (8.8) | 4 (9.1) | |
Postoperative drainage tube, n (%) | 54 (31.8) | 10 (22.7) | 0.243 |
Hypertension, n (%) | 34 (20.0)) | 8 (18.2 | 0.787 |
Diabetes, n (%) | 14 (8.2) | 3 (6.8) | 0.757 |
Fatty liver, n (%) | 72 (42.4) | 13 (15.3) | 0.122 |
Kidney stone, n (%) | 27 (15.9) | 3 (6.8) | 0.123 |
Pneumonia, n (%) | 20 (11.8) | 5 (11.4) | 0.941 |
VTE | 0.218 | ||
Low-risk, n (%) | 80 (47.1) | 26 (59.1) | |
Medium risk, n (%) | 39 (22.9) | 7 (15.9) | |
High risk, n (%) | 51 (30.0) | 11 (25.0) | |
Education level | 0.521 | ||
Illiteracy, n (%) | 1 (2.3) | 13 (7.6) | |
Primary, n (%) | 14 (31.8) | 49 (28.8) | |
Junior middle, n (%) | 19 (43.2) | 78 (45.9) | |
High school, n (%) | 9 (20.5) | 19 (11.2) | |
Bachelor degree or above, n (%) | 1 (2.3) | 11 (6.5) | |
Prealbumin (mg/L) | 262.62 ± 57.32 | 228.70 ± 57.49 | 0.001 |
Total protein (g/L) | 68.21 ± 5.39 | 67.86 ± 5.83 | 0.708 |
Albumin (g/L) | 41.9 (39.7–44.5) | 41.7 (37.6–44.1) | 0.164 |
Globulin (g/L) | 26.15 ± 3.12 | 26.99 ± 3.51 | 0.122 |
A/G | 1.6 (1.5–1.7) | 1.5 (1.4–1.7) | 0.018 |
AST (U/L) | 21.0 (18.0–26.0) | 23.5 (20.0–30.8) | 0.038 |
ALT (U/L) | 21 (15–32) | 23 (16–33) | 0.600 |
AST/ALT | 0.96 (0.73–1.33) | 1.10 (0.82–1.44) | 0.143 |
ALP (U/L) | 72.0 (63.5–87.0) | 69.0 (58.5–83.8) | 0.198 |
GGT (U/L) | 29.0 (20.0–59.5) | 31.5 (18.3–50.3) | 0.776 |
Total bilirubin (umol/L) | 15.4 (11.8–20.6) | 16.5 (13.5–20.1) | 0.289 |
Direct Bilirubin (umol/L) | 4.0 (2.9–5.1) | 4.3 (3.6–6.0) | 0.112 |
Indirect Bilirubin (umol/L) | 11.3 (8.6–15.7) | 12.9 (10.2–15.2) | 0.255 |
FBG (mmol/L) | 5.38 (4.82–6.37) | 5.33 (4.88–6.43) | 0.990 |
BUN (mmol/L) | 5.30 (4.40–6.70) | 4.89 (4.33–6.40) | 0.270 |
Scr (umol/L) | 65.55 ± 12.01 | 63.60 ± 12.19 | 0.338 |
BUN/Scr | 0.08 (0.07–0.1) | 0.08 (0.07–0.10) | 0.736 |
Cystatin-C (mg/L) | 0.89 (0.78–0.99) | 0.79 (0.68–0.93) | < 0.001 |
CPK (U/L) | 259 (165–442) | 475 (200.25–599) | 0.007 |
Homocysteine (umol/L) | 9.60 (8.10–11.20) | 10.35 (8.88–11.20) | 0.180 |
LDH (U/L) | 190 (171–212) | 202 (173–233) | 0.174 |
Cholinesterase (U/L) | 8973 (7645–10,222) | 8224 (7064–8650) | 0.006 |
Blood uric acid (umol/L) | 350.81 ± 98.65 | 318.93 ± 96.28 | 0.056 |
Serum sodium (mmol/L) | 139.5 (138.2–141.0) | 139.2 (137.3–141.3) | 0.384 |
Serum kalium (mmol/L) | 3.86 (3.63–4.10) | 3.96 (3.78–4.17) | 0.195 |
Serum calcium (mmol/L) | 2.25 ± 0.12 | 2.24 ± 0.11 | 0.586 |
Serum chlorine (mmol/L) | 104.89 ± 2.33 | 104.45 ± 2.36 | 0.265 |
WBC (109/L) | 8.18 (6.83–10.85) | 9.36 (7.21–10.84) | 0.334 |
Neutrophils (109/L) | 5.69 (4.66–8.23) | 6.96 (4.83–8.60) | 0.302 |
Lymphocyte (109/L) | 1.56 (1.20–1.98) | 1.57 (1.17–1.97) | 0.969 |
Monocyte (109/L) | 0.54 ± 0.23 | 0.57 ± 0.27 | 0.427 |
Eosinophilic granulocyte (109/L) | 0.08 (0.03–0.16) | 0.04 (0.01–0.12) | 0.012 |
Basophilic granulocyte (109/L) | 0.012 (0.007–0.022) | 0.012 (0.008–0.198) | 0.593 |
RBC (1012/L) | 4.53 ± 0.53 | 4.47 ± 0.60 | 0.489 |
Hemoglobin (g/L) | 151 (141–157) | 151 (144–156.5) | 0.832 |
Hematocrit | 0.41 (0.39–0.44) | 0.42 (0.38–0.44) | 0.533 |
MCV (fl) | 90.90 (88.05–93.55) | 91.35 (88.55–94.28) | 0.423 |
MCH (pg) | 31 (29.8–31.9) | 30.9 (30.05–32.15) | 0.973 |
MCHC (g/L) | 340.72 ± 10.56 | 339.43 ± 10.75 | 0.474 |
Platelet count (109/L) | 217.36 ± 58.50 | 214.18 ± 67.07 | 0.756 |
Plateletcrit | 0.22 (0.19–0.26) | 0.21 (0.19–0.26) | 0.920 |
PDW, n (%) | 14 (11.90–15.90) | 13.35 (11.90–15.48) | 0.486 |
MPV (fl) | 10.36 ± 1.02 | 10.54 ± 1.15 | 0.304 |