Table 1 Distribution of predictor variables in development and validation cohorts for model for prediction of AL. Continuous variables are expressed as mean ± standard deviation. Categorical variables are expressed as numbers (percentages) of patients

Age (years)

71.440 ± 7.524

65.760 ± 11.087

63.560 ± 11.260

55.70 ± 15.080

BMI (Kg/m.²)

23.175 ± 2.428

23.439 ± 11.326

22.823 ± 1.861

23.001 ± 3.568

Sex

 Male

33 (73.3)

393 (57.9)

11 (68.8)

71 (60.2)

 Female

12 (26.7)

286 (42.1)

5 (31.2)

47 (39.8)

Smoking

 Yes

9 (20)

119 (17.5)

2 (12.5)

18 (15.3)

 No

36 (80)

560 (82.5)

14 (87.5)

100 (84.7)

Alcohol

 Yes

8 (17.8)

78 (11.5)

2 (12.5)

13 (11)

 No

37 (82.2)

601 (88.5)

14 (87.5)

105 (89)

Abdominal operation

 Yes

9 (20)

162 (23.9)

2 (12.5)

35 (29.7)

 No

36 (80)

517 (76.1)

14 (87.5)

83 (70.3)

T2DM

 Yes

4 (8.9)

67 (9.9)

3 (18.8)

12 (10.2)

 No

41 (91.1)

612 (90.1)

13 (81.2)

106 (89.8)

Cardiovascular disease

 Yes

2 (4.5)

70 (10.3)

1 (6.2)

17 (14.4)

 No

43 (95.5)

609 (89.7)

15 (93.8)

101 (85.6)

Hypertension

 Yes

11 (24.4)

206 (30.3)

5 (31.2)

42(35.6)

 No

34 (75.6)

473 (69.7)

11 (68.8)

76(64.4)

COPD

 Yes

4 (8.9)

41 (6)

0 (0)

15 (12.7)

 No

41 (91.1)

638 (94)

16 (100)

103 (87.3)

Hepatitis

 Yes

1 (2.2)

23 (3.4)

0 (0)

6 (5.1)

 No

44 (97.8)

656 (96.6)

16 (100)

112 (94.9)

Kidney disease

 Yes

1 (2.2)

16 (2.4)

0 (0)

0 (0)

 No

44 (97.8)

663 (97.6)

16 (100)

118 (100)

Hyperlipidemia

 Yes

1 (2.2)

15 (2.2)

1 (6.2)

1 (0.8)

 No

44 (97.8)

664 (97.8)

15 (93.8)

117 (99.2)

Transfusion history

 Yes

0 (0)

29 (4.3)

5 (31.2)

6 (5.1)

 No

45 (100)

650 (95.7)

11 (68.8)

112 (94.9)

Bowel preparation

 Yes

45 (100)

678 (99.9)

11 (68.8)

111 (94.1)

 No

0 (0)

1 (0.1)

5 (31.2)

7 (5.9)

Tumor location

 Rectum

39 (86.6)

421 (62)

9 (56.2)

35 (29.7)

 Descending, sigmoid colon

4 (8.9)

119 (17.5)

5 (31.2)

38 (32.2)

 Transverse colon

2 (4.5)

139 (20.5)

2 (12.5)

45 (38.1)

NRS2002

 ≥3

32 (71.1)

240 (35.3)

10 (62.5)

63 (53.4)

 <3

13 (28.9)

439 (64.7)

6 (37.5)

55 (46.6)

ASA score

 I

16 (35.6)

370 (54.5)

10 (62.5)

90 (76.3)

 II

24 (53.3)

237 (34.9)

6 (37.5)

25 (21.2)

 III

5 (11.1)

68 (10)

0 (0)

3 (2.5)

 IV

0 (0)

4 (0.6)

0 (0)

0 (0)

ECOG score

 0

3 (6.7)

182 (26.8)

6 (37.5)

17 (14.4)

 1

33 (73.3)

282 (41.5)

5 (31.2)

84 (71.2)

 2

9 (20)

185 (27.2)

5 (31.2)

14 (11.9)

 3

0 (0)

29 (4.3)

0 (0)

3 (2.5)

 4

0 (0)

1 (0.1)

0 (0)

0 (0)

Hemoglobin (g/L)

 ≥90

24 (53.3)

582 (85.7)

4 (25)

54 (45.8)

 <90

21 (46.7)

97 (14.3)

12 (75)

64 (54.2)

LCR

 >6000

4 (8.9)

247 (36.4)

4 (25)

48 (40.7)

 ≤6000

41(91.1)

432 (63.6)

12 (75)

70 (59.3)

Total bilirubin (μmol/L)

12.655 ± 6.215

11.502 ± 6.979

15.519 ± 8.833

14.184 ± 15.831

Direct bilirubin (μmol/L)

3.157 ± 1.579

2.788 ± 1.389

4.219 ± 2.746

4.222 ± 9.001

ALT(IU/L)

16.910 ± 9.434

17.160 ± 12.514

13.000 ± 4.967

21.013 ± 18.674

AST(IU/L)

17.240 ± 7.496

18.570 ± 8.353

20.750 ± 6.758

22.208 ± 11.497

Prealbumin (g/L)

0.181 ± 0.061

0.275 ± 1.539

0.145 ± 0.045

0.205 ± 0.061

Albumin (g/L)

38.284 ± 3.727

38.836 ± 4.637

36.825 ± 4.732

39.014 ± 4.210

Urea (mmol/L)

4.983 ± 1.938

5.047 ± 2.196

4.763 ± 1.514

4.947 ± 1.745

Creatinine (μmol/L)

79.091 ± 14.861

76.610 ± 30.066

64.310 ± 15.890

64.680 ± 15.343

Uric acid (μmol/L)

296.969 ± 75.190

296.628 ± 88.906

311.38 ± 146.339

298.53 ± 82.366

White blood count (10⁹/L)

6.407 ± 2.556

6.185 ± 2.090

6.631 ± 2.578

5.873 ± 2.198

Neutrophil count (10⁹/L)

4.196 ± 2.471

3.885 ± 1.866

4.586 ± 2.213

3.621 ± 1.967

Lymphocyte count (10⁹/L)

1.521 ± 0.627

1.635 ± 0.616

1.314 ± 0.633

1.595 ± 0.555

Hematocrit (%)

36.993 ± 5.241

36.601 ± 13.687

31.956 ± 5.247

36.132 ± 5.454

Platelet count (10⁹/L)

207.089 ± 84.087

215.507 ± 74.742

283.940 ± 115.738

226.810 ± 71.798

APTT(s)

33.133 ± 4.601

32.785 ± 4.035

29.431 ± 4.649

33.218 ± 3.219

PT(s)

11.127 ± 0.936

11.130 ± 1.064

11.775 ± 0.921

11.350 ± 0.952

INR

0.990 ± 0.779

0.983 ± 0.113

1.086 ± 0.086

1.734 ± 7.453

C-reactive protein (ng/L)

7.726 ± 5.245

3.996 ± 7.342

8.549 ± 2.966

5.230 ± 4.536